15.4 + 15.6 + 15.7 + 15.9 Major Events in History of Life, Continental Drift , Mass Extinctions, Fossil Record Flashcards

1
Q

Macroevolution

A

evolutionary change above the species level, encompassing the origin of a new group of organisms through a series of speciation events and the impact of mass extinctions on the diversity of life

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2
Q

Earth’s age can be split into ____ of geological time

A

4 eons

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3
Q

What are the 4 eons of geological time

A

1) The Hadean Eon
2) The Archaen Eon
3) The Proterozoic Eon
4) The Phanerozoic Eon

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4
Q

The Hadean Eon

A

origin of Earth

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5
Q

What was the year range of the Hadean Eon?

A

4 - 4.6 bya

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6
Q

What was the year range of the Archaen Eon?

A

2.5 - 4 bya

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7
Q

What happened during the Archaean Eon?

A

1) Life started with prokaryotes
2) Surge in Oxygen
3) Start of Photosynthesis

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8
Q

When did life with prokaryotes start?

A

3.5 bya

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9
Q

When was there a surge in oxygen?

A

2.7 - 2.2 bya

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10
Q

What did the surge of oxygen cause?

A

was detrimental to many organisms

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11
Q

What was the year range of the proterozoic eon?

A

0.6 - 2.5 bya

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12
Q

What occured during the Proterozoic Eon?

A

1) First Eukaryotic Cell
2) First Multicellular Eukaryotes
3) Cambrian Explosion

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13
Q

When did the first eukaryotic cell appear?

A

1.8 bya

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14
Q

When did the first multicellular eukaryotes appear?

A

1.3 bya

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15
Q

When did the Cambrian Explision occur

A

0.6 bya

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16
Q

Cambrian Explosion

A

the huge emergence of animals

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17
Q

What was the age range of the Phanerozoic Eon?

A

0.6 bya - present

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18
Q

What occured during the phanerozoic eon

A

Colonization of Land

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19
Q

Colonization of Land

A

organisms inhabit land/water

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20
Q

What did the colonization of land occur?

A

0.4 bya

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21
Q

Geologic Record

A

a time scale established by geologists that divide Earth’s history into 4 eons; Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic - and further subdivides into eras, period, and epochs

22
Q

When was the Paleozoic Era?

A

541 million years ago

23
Q

Paleozoic Era

A

contain fossils of lineages that led to present day organisms and extinct organisms

24
Q

What were the early organisms in the Paleozic Era?

A

aquatic organisms

25
What were the later organisms in the Paleozoic Era?
land organisms
26
Mesozoic Era is also known as
the middle animal era and the "age of reptiles"
27
The Mesozoic era was the end of the
cretacous
28
Mesozoic Era
saw first mammals and flowering plants and is when dinosaurs became extinct
29
Did all dinosaurs become extinct during the Mesozoic Era?
no; all except for birds
30
The extinction of the dinosaurs was one of the
5 mass extinctions
31
Cenozoic Era is aka the
recent animal era or the "age of mammals "
32
When did the Cenozoic Era occur?
66 million years ago
33
The Cenozoic Era is split into ___ because...
epochs because there is more known about it
34
Pangea
the supercontinent that formed near the end of the Paleozoic Era, when plate movements brought all the landmasses of Earth together
35
What did Pangea end
the paleozoic era
36
What did Pangea cause
the permenian extinction
37
When did Pangea start to break up
during the Mesozoic Era
38
Mass extinctions
occur when global environmental changes are rapid and disrupt more than 50% of Earth's species
39
How many mass extinctions are there?
5
40
What are the most known extinctions?
the extinctions ending the Permian and Creatcous periods
41
When did the Permian Extinction occur?
252 million years ago
42
What was the Permian Extinction a boundary between?
the paleozoic and mesozoic eras
43
What did the Permian extinction wipe out (percentages)?
Wiped out 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial life
44
What was the Permian Extinction caused by
Caused by volcanic eruptions, ash, noxious gasses, less oxygen etc.
45
When did the Cretaceous Extinction occur?
66 million years ago
46
What did the Cretacous Extinction wipe out (percentages)?
Wiped out half of marine species and some terrestrial plants and animals
47
Was the Earth dominated by dinosaurs during the Cretacous Extinction?
no
48
What was the Cretacous Extinction caused by?
Iridium found in clay in sediments that separate the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras from a large asteroid
49
Will there be a 6th mass extinction
there might be one
50
Why would there be a 6th mass extinction
bc of human activities and global warming/climate change