13.4, 13.5 Evidence of Evolution Flashcards
How many statements support the evidence of evolution
7
What are the 7 statements that support the evidence of evolution
1) Biogeography
2) Common Descent
3) Homologous Structures
4) Vestigial Structures
5) Common Embryology
6) Biochemical Similarities
7) Divergent Revolution
Biogeography
distribution of life on the planet
Common Descent
organisms that have common ancestors
Homologous Structures
have structures in related organisms that are similar in design, but may be different in function
Homology
similarity resulting from common ancestry
What are some examples of homologous structures
forearm, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, etc.
Divergent Revolution
the evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry starts to become more distinct due to selection which leads to speciation
Vestigial Structures
structures that have no apparent use in organisms, which served a purpose in its ancestors
Common Embryology
embryos of organisms have similar traits implying that they are related
Biochemical Structure
comparing DNA, proteins, RNA, etc. to determine evolutionary relationships
Evolutionary Tree
a branching diagram that reflects a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships among groups of organims
who created the evolutionary tree
darwin
What can an evolutionary tree determine
anatomical and molecular structures
are all evolutionary trees speculative?
some are created from solid data while others are speculative
Evolution by Natural Selection
a species changing over time due to human factors
What are some examples of the evolution by naturla selection
pesticide and antobiotic
NEO-DNARwinism
mix of Darwin and Mendel ideas
Variation within a species increases the likelihood of the
species adapting to and surviving environmental change
Natural selection acts directly on ______ not _______, bc some organisms wll be heterozygous or homozygous
phenotype; genotype
How many causes of genetic variation are there
4
What are the 4 causes of genetic variation
1) Mutations
2) Sexual Reproduction
3) Lateral Gene Transfer
4) Horizontal Gene Transfer \
Mutation
random changes in DNA in the gene itself or a regulatory sequence
Sexual Reproduction
gene shuffling ~ new gene combinations in meiosis
Lateral Gene Transfer
gene transfer in the same generation
What is lateral gene transfer mostly done by
unicellular prokaryotes
What are some examples of lateral gene transfer
Griffins mice and the transformation process
Lateral gene transfer is to _____ generation
the same
Horizontal Gene Transfer
gene transfer to the the next generation
