14.4 + 14.6 + 14.8 Allopatric Speciation, Sympiatric Speciation

Question 1

Speciation

Answer 1

creating a new species

Question 2

When do you know that speciation has occurred

Answer 2

when the organisms in the new species cannot mate with organisms from the original species

Question 3

How many types of speciation are there

Answer 3

2

Question 4

What are the 2 types of speciation

Answer 4

Allopatric Speciation and Sympiatric Speciation

Question 5

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 5

geographic separation causes organisms to change and they cannot reproduce

Question 6

What is allopatric speciation caused by?

Answer 6

geographic isolation

Question 7

What is geographic isolation caused by?

Answer 7

mountains, canyons, glaciers, lakes, etc.

Question 8

Why does allopatric speciation occur?

Answer 8

Bc a population is separated by geographic barriers and evolves on their own with genetic drift, natural selection, mutations, etc.

Question 9

What does allopatric speciation form?

Answer 9

allopatric populations

Question 10

Sympiatric Speciation

Answer 10

a new species forms without geographic isolation (organisms that live in the same place)

Question 11

What is sympiatric speciation caused by

Answer 11

mutations, extra chromosomes (during meiosis), sexual selection, habitat differentiation, polyploidy, etc.

Question 12

Polyploid

Answer 12

cells have more than 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 13

What does sympiatric speciation form

Answer 13

polyploid organisms

Question 14

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 14

when there is a lot of speciation in a relatively short amount of time from a common ancestor

Question 15

What is the cause of adaptive radiation?

Answer 15

areas that are far enough apart to permit physically diverse habitats but close enough to allow occasional dispersals

Question 16

What is an example of adaptive radiation?

Answer 16

there are 14 different species of finches (seed eaters, tool using insect eaters, etc.) -> different beaks

Question 17

Rate of Evolution

Answer 17

rate that a species changes/adapts to become a new species

Question 18

How many types of rates of evolutions are there?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

What are the 2 types of rate of evolution?

Answer 19

Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 20

Gradualism

Answer 20

species evolve slower over time

Question 21

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 21

when you have a similar species for a long time, and you suddenly see huge changes bc of adaptive radiation

Question 22

How are both types of rate of evolution found

Answer 22

through layers of rocks (stromatolites )