Energy and Life Flashcards
Energy
the ability to do work
Without the ability to _____ and ____ energy, life would cease to exist
obtain; use
ATP stands for
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP is
one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy.
ATP analogy
ATP is a full battery that can be used to perform functions
What is ATP made of?
Adenine, 5-carbon sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphate groups
All 3 of the phosphate groups in ATP are _____ charged
negatively
What is the key to ATP’s ability to store and release energy
The 3 phosphate groups in ATP
Where else have we seen Adenine
Nitrogenous base in DNA (A base)
ADP stands for
Adenosine Diphosphate
ADP is
a compound that looks like ATP, but has TWO phosphate groups instead of 3
ADP can be _____ _____ ___ if a cell has energy
turned into ATP
How would ADP turn into ATP
phosphorylate ADP to turn it into ATP —> this can be done by eating food or photosynthesis
Phosphorylate
to add a phosphate group
How do cells release the energy stored in ATP
By breaking and re-forming the bonds between its phosphate groups
Can cells EASILY release the energy stored in ATP
yes - this characteristic is useful b/c it is a fast and efficient source of energy for all cells
What is the energy in ATP used for
1) Protein Pumps
2) Muscle Contractions
3) Cilia and Flagella movement
4) Light (Ex: Firefly)
Most cells have a ____ amount of ATP stored
small
Why do most cells only have a small amount of ATP stored in them
b/c it is not good for ATP to be stored in large amounts over a long period of time
If ATP cannot be stored in large amounts over a long period of time, how do cells store energy?
ADP
A single glucose molecule has over __x the energy needed to ….
90x; add a phosphate group
Heterotrophs
organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things, such as plants, other animals, decomposing organisms
Heterotrophs are aka
consumers
Hetero means
others
Trophs means
Feed
ATP comes from chemical compounds we call
Food
Autotrophs
organisms that make their own food
Examples of autotrophs
Plants, algae, some bacteria
What do all animals rely on to live
autotrophs
Auto means
self
Most autotrophs are
photo - autotrophs
Photosynthesis
the process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches )
Where is the energy used in photosynthesis stored in?
bonds of carbohydrates
