Energy and Life

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

the ability to do work

Question 2

Without the ability to _____ and ____ energy, life would cease to exist

Answer 2

obtain; use

Question 3

ATP stands for

Answer 3

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 4

ATP is

Answer 4

one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy.

Question 5

ATP analogy

Answer 5

ATP is a full battery that can be used to perform functions

Question 6

What is ATP made of?

Answer 6

Adenine, 5-carbon sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphate groups

Question 7

All 3 of the phosphate groups in ATP are _____ charged

Answer 7

negatively

Question 8

What is the key to ATP’s ability to store and release energy

Answer 8

The 3 phosphate groups in ATP

Question 9

Where else have we seen Adenine

Answer 9

Nitrogenous base in DNA (A base)

Question 10

ADP stands for

Answer 10

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 11

ADP is

Answer 11

a compound that looks like ATP, but has TWO phosphate groups instead of 3

Question 12

ADP can be _____ _____ ___ if a cell has energy

Answer 12

turned into ATP

Question 13

How would ADP turn into ATP

Answer 13

phosphorylate ADP to turn it into ATP —> this can be done by eating food or photosynthesis

Question 14

Phosphorylate

Answer 14

to add a phosphate group

Question 15

How do cells release the energy stored in ATP

Answer 15

By breaking and re-forming the bonds between its phosphate groups

Question 16

Can cells EASILY release the energy stored in ATP

Answer 16

yes - this characteristic is useful b/c it is a fast and efficient source of energy for all cells

Question 17

What is the energy in ATP used for

Answer 17

1) Protein Pumps
2) Muscle Contractions
3) Cilia and Flagella movement
4) Light (Ex: Firefly)

Question 18

Most cells have a ____ amount of ATP stored

Answer 18

small

Question 19

Why do most cells only have a small amount of ATP stored in them

Answer 19

b/c it is not good for ATP to be stored in large amounts over a long period of time

Question 20

If ATP cannot be stored in large amounts over a long period of time, how do cells store energy?

Answer 20

ADP

Question 21

A single glucose molecule has over __x the energy needed to ….

Answer 21

90x; add a phosphate group

Question 22

Heterotrophs

Answer 22

organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things, such as plants, other animals, decomposing organisms

Question 23

Heterotrophs are aka

Answer 23

consumers

Question 24

Hetero means

Answer 24

others

Question 25

Trophs means

Answer 25

Feed

Question 26

ATP comes from chemical compounds we call

Answer 26

Food

Question 27

Autotrophs

Answer 27

organisms that make their own food

Question 28

Examples of autotrophs

Answer 28

Plants, algae, some bacteria

Question 29

What do all animals rely on to live

Answer 29

autotrophs

Question 30

Auto means

Answer 30

self

Question 31

Most autotrophs are

Answer 31

photo - autotrophs

Question 32

Photosynthesis

Answer 32

the process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches )

Question 33

Where is the energy used in photosynthesis stored in?

Answer 33

bonds of carbohydrates