Photosynthesis Flashcards
All living things would die without the ___ and ______
sun; photosynthesis
Light
form in which energy from the sun travels to Earth
Sunlight is perceived as
white light
White light is made up of
different wavelengths
Visible Spectrum
ROYGBV
Pigments
light absorbing molecules that plants and other photosynthetic organisms use to capture the sun’s energy
Chlorophyll
plant’s principle pigment
How many types of chlorophyll are there
2
What are the types of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
main chlorophyll which absorbs red and blue light
Chlorophyll b
secondary chlorophyll which also absorbs red and blue light
Why do plants not absorb the color green?
b/c they reflect green light, which is why they appear green most of the time
Caretenoids
pigment that absorbs red, orange, and yellow
Why do the leaves turn different colors in the fall?
We see different color leaves in the fall bc there is less sunlight in the fall, so less chlorophyll is produced so caretenoids tend to be shown
Black reflects
no colors
White reflects
all colors
Thylakoids
saclike photosynthetic membranes which contain chlorophyll
Grana
stack of thykaloids
Stroma
clear fluid portion of chloroplast
When energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, a large fraction of that energy is transferred to the ____ in the chlorophyll molecule, this ____ energy which in turn ______ photosynthesis
high energy electrons; increases; increases
Electron Carrier
compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them (and most of their energy) to another molecule
Electron carriers also carry ___ (less important)
protons
NADP+ stands for
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Example of a carrier molecule
NADP+
What is the function of NADP+
holds 2 high energy electrons and 2H+ , which converts the NADP+ into NADPH
Where is one place that light can be trapped in?
NADPH
What is the function of NADPH
to carry the high energy electrons which can be used in chemical reactions in the rest of the cell
Photosynthesis
process that uses energy from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen
What are the reactants of photosynthesis
water and carbon dioxide
What are the products of photosynthesis?
high energy sugars, ATP and NADP+
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis?
oxygen
What is the chemical formula of photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chemical formula of glucose
C6H12O6
What are the products from photosynthesis used for
to make carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, etc.
Why are there 6 of each molecule
There are 6 of each molecule to balance out with the glucose product
Where does carbon dioxide enter the plant to enter as a reactant for photosynthesis?
stomata
Where does water enter the plant to enter as a reactant for photosynthesis?
roots
Where does light energy enter the plant to enter as a reactant for photosynthesis?
chloroplast
Where is ATP produced
thylakoid membrane
How many sets of reactions are there in photosynthesis?
2
What are the sets of reactions in photosynthesis?
Light - Dependent Reactions (photosynthesis) and light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Light dependent reactions require ____ and ____ _____ ______
light; light absorbing pigments
Where do the light dependent reactions take place
thylakoid membrane
Water is not needed in light dependent reactions (True or False)
False; water is needed to supply electrons and H+
byproduct
anything produced in the course of making another thing
Why is oxygen a byproduct of photosynthesis?
Released from break down of water (H+ + OH- = H2O)
What do plants absorb in the calvin cycle?
CO2
What does the calvin cycle produce?
carbon containing sugars and more carbohydrates
Where does the calvin cycle occur
stroma
does the calvin cycle require light
no
what are the reactants of the calvin cycle
ATP and NADPH (from photosynthesis) and CO2
How many times do you need to do the Calvin Cycle to balance out photosynthesis
6 times because C6H12O6
What is the light energy absorbed by
chlorophyll
is the CO2 absorbed in photosynthesis used in photosynthesis
no it is absorbed before photosynthesis but not used until the calvin cycle
When do light dependent and independent reactions occur?
during the day
