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AP Bio > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All living things would die without the ___ and ______

A

sun; photosynthesis

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2
Q

Light

A

form in which energy from the sun travels to Earth

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3
Q

Sunlight is perceived as

A

white light

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4
Q

White light is made up of

A

different wavelengths

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5
Q

Visible Spectrum

A

ROYGBV

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6
Q

Pigments

A

light absorbing molecules that plants and other photosynthetic organisms use to capture the sun’s energy

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7
Q

Chlorophyll

A

plant’s principle pigment

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8
Q

How many types of chlorophyll are there

A

2

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9
Q

What are the types of chlorophyll

A

Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

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10
Q

Chlorophyll a

A

main chlorophyll which absorbs red and blue light

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11
Q

Chlorophyll b

A

secondary chlorophyll which also absorbs red and blue light

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12
Q

Why do plants not absorb the color green?

A

b/c they reflect green light, which is why they appear green most of the time

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13
Q

Caretenoids

A

pigment that absorbs red, orange, and yellow

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14
Q

Why do the leaves turn different colors in the fall?

A

We see different color leaves in the fall bc there is less sunlight in the fall, so less chlorophyll is produced so caretenoids tend to be shown

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15
Q

Black reflects

A

no colors

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16
Q

White reflects

A

all colors

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17
Q

Thylakoids

A

saclike photosynthetic membranes which contain chlorophyll

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18
Q

Grana

A

stack of thykaloids

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19
Q

Stroma

A

clear fluid portion of chloroplast

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20
Q

When energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, a large fraction of that energy is transferred to the ____ in the chlorophyll molecule, this ____ energy which in turn ______ photosynthesis

A

high energy electrons; increases; increases

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21
Q

Electron Carrier

A

compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them (and most of their energy) to another molecule

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22
Q

Electron carriers also carry ___ (less important)

A

protons

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23
Q

NADP+ stands for

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

24
Q

Example of a carrier molecule

A

NADP+

25
Q

What is the function of NADP+

A

holds 2 high energy electrons and 2H+ , which converts the NADP+ into NADPH

26
Q

Where is one place that light can be trapped in?

A

NADPH

27
Q

What is the function of NADPH

A

to carry the high energy electrons which can be used in chemical reactions in the rest of the cell

28
Q

Photosynthesis

A

process that uses energy from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen

29
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis

A

water and carbon dioxide

30
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

high energy sugars, ATP and NADP+

31
Q

What is the byproduct of photosynthesis?

A

oxygen

32
Q

What is the chemical formula of photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

33
Q

Chemical formula of glucose

A

C6H12O6

34
Q

What are the products from photosynthesis used for

A

to make carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, etc.

35
Q

Why are there 6 of each molecule

A

There are 6 of each molecule to balance out with the glucose product

36
Q

Where does carbon dioxide enter the plant to enter as a reactant for photosynthesis?

A

stomata

37
Q

Where does water enter the plant to enter as a reactant for photosynthesis?

A

roots

38
Q

Where does light energy enter the plant to enter as a reactant for photosynthesis?

A

chloroplast

39
Q

Where is ATP produced

A

thylakoid membrane

40
Q

How many sets of reactions are there in photosynthesis?

A

2

41
Q

What are the sets of reactions in photosynthesis?

A

Light - Dependent Reactions (photosynthesis) and light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)

42
Q

Light dependent reactions require ____ and ____ _____ ______

A

light; light absorbing pigments

43
Q

Where do the light dependent reactions take place

A

thylakoid membrane

44
Q

Water is not needed in light dependent reactions (True or False)

A

False; water is needed to supply electrons and H+

45
Q

byproduct

A

anything produced in the course of making another thing

46
Q

Why is oxygen a byproduct of photosynthesis?

A

Released from break down of water (H+ + OH- = H2O)

47
Q

What do plants absorb in the calvin cycle?

A

CO2

48
Q

What does the calvin cycle produce?

A

carbon containing sugars and more carbohydrates

49
Q

Where does the calvin cycle occur

A

stroma

50
Q

does the calvin cycle require light

A

no

51
Q

what are the reactants of the calvin cycle

A

ATP and NADPH (from photosynthesis) and CO2

52
Q

How many times do you need to do the Calvin Cycle to balance out photosynthesis

A

6 times because C6H12O6

53
Q

What is the light energy absorbed by

A

chlorophyll

54
Q

is the CO2 absorbed in photosynthesis used in photosynthesis

A

no it is absorbed before photosynthesis but not used until the calvin cycle

55
Q

When do light dependent and independent reactions occur?

A

during the day

AP Bio (67 decks)

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