7.2.1 - Respiration: An Overview

Question 1

Describe Aerobic Respiration
(3 Points)

Answer 1

~ Process of breaking down a respiratory substrate (Glucose), in order to produce ATP using oxygen.

~ Energy released during the process is used to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP.

~ ATP then provides energy for other biological processes in cells.

Question 2

What Is The Equation & Balanced Equation For Aerobic Respiration?
(2 Points)

Answer 2

~ Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.

~ C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy.

Question 3

What Are The 4 Stages Of Aerobic Respiration & Where Do They Occur?

Answer 3

1) Glycolysis -> Cytoplasm.

2) Link Reaction -> Matrix of the mitochondria.

3) Krebs cycle -> Matrix of the mitochondria.

4) Oxidative Phosphorylation -> Inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Question 4

Describe The Use Of Enzymes Involved During Respiration
(2 Points)

Answer 4

~ Each stage is controlled and catalysed by a specific intracellular enzyme.

~ Enzyme with the slowest activity is rate limiting, determining the overall rate of respiration.

Question 5

Describe The Use Of Coenzymes Involved During Respiration
(3 Points)

Answer 5

~ Transfer various molecules involved in respiration.

~ NAD and FAD, transfer hydrogen between molecules, and are able to reduce and oxidise a molecule.

~ Coenzyme A, responsible for transfer of acetate from one molecule to another.

Question 6

Describe The Structure Of The Mitochondria
(4 Points)

Answer 6

~ Smooth and permeable outer membrane.

~ Inner membrane.

~ Intermembrane space.

~ Matrix.

Question 7

Describe The Function Of The ‘Inner Membrane’ Of The Mitochondria
(4 Points)

Answer 7

~ Folded to form structures called cristae.

~ Less permeable, than the outer membrane.

~ Site of the ETC.

~ Location of ATP synthase enzymes.

Question 8

Describe The Function Of The ‘Intermembrane Space’ Of The Mitochondria
(2 Points)

Answer 8

~ Low pH, due to higher concentration of protons.

~ Concentration gradient, is formed during oxidative phosphorylation, which is essential for ATP synthesis.

Question 9

Describe The Function Of The ‘Matrix’ Of The Mitochondria
(2 Points)

Answer 9

~ Aqueous solution, within the inner membrane.

~ Contains ribosomes, enzymes and mitchondrial DNA, essential for the mitochondria to function.