1.2.5 - Monosaccharides Flashcards
Describe Carbohydrates
(2 Points)
~ Large, complex molecules (Polymers) composed of long chains of monosaccharides.
~ Are the main energy supply in living organisms.
What Are The 3 Types Of Carbohydrates?
~ Monosaccharides.
~ Disaccharides.
~ Polysaccharides.
Describe Monosaccharides
(3 Points)
~ Monomers of a carbohydrates, they can then join to make carbohydrate polymers.
~ Are simple carbohydrates and sugars.
~ They are joined by glycosidic bonds in a condensation reaction, where a hydrogen atom on one monosaccharide bonds to the hydroxyl (OH) group on the other, releasing a molecule of water.
Describe The Function Of Monosaccharides
(2 Points)
~ Main function is to store energy within their bonds.
~ Once the bonds are broken during respiration energy is then released.
What Are The 3 Types Of Monosaccharides Formed From Varying Numbers Of Carbon Atoms?
~ Triose (3C) -> Glyceraldehyde.
~ Pentose (5C) -> Ribose.
~ Hexose (6C) -> Glucose.
Describe Glucose
(3 Points)
~ Monosaccharide and is a hexose sugar.
~ Forms a ring structure, where carbons 1-5 from a ring and carbon 6 sticks out above the ring.
~ Its structure is related to its function as the main energy store for plants and animals.
How Does The Structure Of Glucose Relate To Its Function?
(2 Points)
~ Soluble, can be easily transported.
~ Its chemical bonds (Covalent bonds) store loads of energy.
What Are The 2 Forms Of Glucose?
~ Alpha glucose.
~ Beta glucose.
Describe Alpha Glucose
Has the H above carbon 1 and the OH group below.
Describe Beta Glucose
Has the H below carbon 1 and the OH group above.
What Is Meant By A ‘Condensation Reaction’?
A reaction where a molecule of water is released.
What Is The Reverse Of A Condensation Reaction?
Hydrolysis reaction.
What Is Meant By A ‘Hydrolysis Reaction’?
A molecule of water reacts with the glycosidic bond, breaking it apart.
