3.3.1 - Mammalian Gametes

Question 1

What Are Gametes?

Answer 1

Sex cells of an organism.

Question 2

What Are Examples Of Gametes?
(2 Points)

Answer 2

~ Sperm.

~ Egg.

Question 3

How Is A Zygote Formed?

Answer 3

When gametes fuse during fertilisation.

Question 4

What Is Fertilisation?

Answer 4

The fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete and a female gamete.

Question 5

How Are Gametes Formed?

Answer 5

During meiosis.

Question 6

Are Gametes Haploid Or Diploid Cells & Why Are They?
(2 Points)

Answer 6

~ Haploid.

~ Because they only have one copy of each chromosome.

Question 7

How Many Chromosomes Does a Sperm Cell Have?

Answer 7

23 single chromosomes in their nucleus.

Question 8

What Are The Adaptations Of A Sperm Cell?
(3 Points)

Answer 8

~ Flagellum.

~ Many mitochondria.

~ Acrosome.

Question 9

One Adaptation Of The Sperm Cell Is A ‘Flagellum’, What Does This Allow?

Answer 9

Allows the sperm to swim to towards the egg cell.

Question 10

One Adaptation Of The Sperm Cell Is ‘Many Mitochondria’, What Does This Allow?

Answer 10

Many mitochondria means lots of energy provided for the rotation and movement of the flagellum.

Question 11

One Adaptation Of The Sperm Cell Is An ‘Acrosome’, What Does This Allow?

Answer 11

Contains digestive enzymes to break down the protective glycoprotein layer known as the zone pellucida surrounding the egg cell to allow the sperm to penetrate the egg.

Question 12

What Are The Adaptations Of The Egg Cell?
(5 Points)

Answer 12

~ Much larger than the sperm cell.

~ Have follicle cells.

~ Has a zona pellucida.

~ Has cortical granules.

~ Cytoplasm.

Question 13

One Adaptation Of The Egg Cell Is Its ‘Larger Than Sperm Cells’, What Does This Mean?

Answer 13

Larger than sperm cells because most of their internal space contains food to nourish a growing embryo.

Question 14

One Adaptation Of The Egg Cell Is ‘Follicle Cells’, What Does This Form?

Answer 14

Form a protective coating around the egg.

Question 15

One Adaptation Of The Egg Cell Is The ‘Zona Pellucida’, What Does This Form?

Answer 15

Forms an impenetrable barrier after fertilisation by a sperm cell, to prevent other sperm nuclei from entering the egg.

Question 16

One Adaptation Of The Egg Cell Is ‘Cortical Granules’, What Does This Release?

Answer 16

Release substances which can cause the zona pellucida to harden.

Question 17

One Adaptation Of The Egg Cell Is ‘Cytoplasm’, What Does This Do?

Answer 17

Provides energy for the dividing zygote after fertilisation.

Question 18

Describe All The Features Of A Sperm Cell
(6 Points)

Answer 18

~ Cell membrane.

~ Acrosome.

~ Nucleus.

~ Mitochondria.

~ Cytoplasm.

~ Flagellum.

Question 19

What Does The Head Of The Sperm Cell Contain?
(3 Points)

Answer 19

~ Acrosome.

~ Cell membrane.

~ Nucleus.

Question 20

What Does The Mid-Piece Of The Sperm Cell Contain?
(3 Points)

Answer 20

High concentration of mitochondria.

Question 21

Describe All The Features Of An Egg Cell
(5 Points)

Answer 21

~ Follicle cells.

~ Cytoplasm.

~ Nucleus.

~ Mitochondria.

~ Zona pellucida.