1.1.3 - Mammalian Heart: Structure & Function Flashcards
What Is The Role Of The Circulatory System?
Transport fluids containing materials needed by the organism, as well as materials which need to be removed.
Describe The Closed Circulatory System
Blood is pumped around the body and is always contained within a network of blood vessels.
Describe The Open Circulatory System
Blood is inside the body cavity and bathes the organs.
Describe The Double Circulatory System
Two loops, one to the lungs and one to the body.
Describe The Single Circulatory System
One loop, includes the lungs and the body.
What Type Of Circulatory System Do Humans Have & Why?
(2 Points)
~ Closed, double.
~ Blood is passed through the heart twice.
What Is The Function Of The Right Side Of The Heart & What Type Of Circulatory System Is It?
(2 Points)
~ Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange.
~ It is the pulmonary circulatory system.
What Is The Function Of The Left Side Of The Heart & What Type Of Circulatory System Is It?
(2 Points)
~ Oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure around the body.
~ It is the systemic circulatory system.
What Are The 2 Types Of Circulatory Systems?
~ Pulmonary.
~ Systemic.
What Is The Heart?
A hollow, muscular organ located in the chest cavity.
What Is The Heart Protected By In The Chest Cavity?
Pericardium, which is a tough fibrous sac.
What Are The 4 Chambers The Heart Is Divided Into?
(2 Points)
~ Left and right atria (Top).
~ Left and right ventricles (Bottom).
What Are The Left & Right Sides Of The Heart Separated By?
Septum, which is a wall of muscular tissue.
What Is The Job Of The Septum?
Ensures that blood doesn’t mix between the left and the right sides of the heart.
What Are Valves Important For?
(2 Points)
~ Keeping blood flowing forward in the right direction.
~ Maintaining the correct pressure in the chambers of the heart.
What Valve Is The Right Atrium & The Right Ventricle Separated By?
A atrioventricular valve called the tricuspid valve.
What Valve Is The Left Atrium & The Left Ventricle Separated By?
A atrioventricular valve called the bicuspid valve.
What Valve Is The Right Ventricle & The Pulmonary Artery Separated By?
A semi-lunar valve known as the pulmonary valve.
What Valve Is The Left Ventricle & The Aorta Separated By?
A semi-lunar valve called the aortic valve.
What Causes Valves To Open?
When the pressure of blood behind them is greater than the pressure in front of them.
What Causes Valves To Close?
When the pressure of blood in front of them is greater than the pressure behind them.
What Are Valves Attached To The Heart Walls By & What Do These Prevent?
(2 Points)
~ Are attached by valve tendons or cords.
~ Prevent the valves from flipping inside out, under high pressure.
Describe The Adaptations Of The Left Ventricle
Thicker muscle than right ventricle, for strong contraction to pump blood all around the body.
Describe The Adaptations Of The Ventricles
Thicker walls than atria to pump blood out of the heart.
Describe The Role Of The Atrioventricular Valves
Prevent back flow of blood from ventricles into atria.
Describe The Role Of The Semilunar Valves
Prevent the back flow of blood from the aorta or pulmonary artery into the ventricles.
What Blood Vessels Bring Blood Into The Heart & Where Do They Get The Blood From?
(2 Points)
~ Vena cava -> Blood from body.
~ Pulmonary vein -> Blood from lungs.
What Blood Vessels Take Blood Away From The Heart & Where Do They Take The Blood To?
(2 Points)
~ Pulmonary artery -> Blood to lungs.
~ Aorta -> Blood to body.
How Does The Heart Itself Get Supplied With Blood?
Via the coronary arteries.
