1.2.8 - Polysaccharides Flashcards
What Are Examples Of Polysaccharides?
(3 Points)
~ Starch.
~ Glycogen.
~ Cellulose.
What Are Polysaccharides?
Are repeating chains of many monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds in a condensation reactions.
What Can Polysaccharides Be?
(2 Points)
~ Branched or unbranched.
~ Straight or coiled.
What Does It Mean When A Polysaccharide Is Branched?
Increases the rate at which the polysaccharide can be broken down.
What Does It Mean When A Polysaccharide Is Straight?
Makes the molecules suitable for constructing cellular structures. E.g. Cellulose.
What Does It Mean When A Polysaccharide Is Coiled?
Makes the molecule more compact and suitable for storage.
What Are Starch & Glycogen Useful As?
Storage polysaccharides.
Why Are Starch & Glycogen Useful Storage Polysaccharides?
(2 Points)
~ Compact.
~ Insoluble.
Starch & Glycogen Are Compact, What Does This Mean?
Large quantities can be stored.
Starch & Glycogen Are Insoluble, What Does This Mean?
They will have no osmotic effect.
How Does Glucose Have An Osmotic Effect?
It increases the solute concentration a cell causing water to move in by osmosis.
What Is The Function Of Starch?
Storage polysaccharide of plants.
How Is Starch Stored In Plants?
As granules.
How Is Glucose Made?
During photosynthesis.
How Is Starch Made?
When the molecules of glucose are joined.
Starch Is Constructed From 2 Different Polysaccharides, What Are They?
(2 Points)
~ Amylose.
~ Amylopectin.
Describe Amylose
(3 Points)
~ Unbranched chain of glucose molecules.
~ Joined via 1,4 glycosidic bonds between alpha glucose molecules.
~ Coiled / Helix shaped enabling it to be more compact so it can store loads of energy.
Describe Amylopectin
(3 Points)
~ Branched chain of glucose molecules.
~ Joined via 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds between alpha glucose molecules.
~ Large presence of side branches means its rapidly digested by enzymes therefore energy is released quickly / molecules can be easily hydrolysed for use during cellular respiration of added to for storage.
What Is The Function Of Glycogen?
Storage polysaccharide of animals and fungi.
Describe Glycogen
(4 Points)
~ Highly branched and not coiled.
~ Formed from many molecules of alpha glucose joined together by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.
~ Large number of side branches means that the molecule can be hydrolysed and energy can be released quickly.
~ Compact, maximising the amount of energy it can store.
