1.2.8 - Polysaccharides

Question 1

What Are Examples Of Polysaccharides?
(3 Points)

Answer 1

~ Starch.

~ Glycogen.

~ Cellulose.

Question 2

What Are Polysaccharides?

Answer 2

Are repeating chains of many monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds in a condensation reactions.

Question 3

What Can Polysaccharides Be?
(2 Points)

Answer 3

~ Branched or unbranched.

~ Straight or coiled.

Question 4

What Does It Mean When A Polysaccharide Is Branched?

Answer 4

Increases the rate at which the polysaccharide can be broken down.

Question 5

What Does It Mean When A Polysaccharide Is Straight?

Answer 5

Makes the molecules suitable for constructing cellular structures. E.g. Cellulose.

Question 6

What Does It Mean When A Polysaccharide Is Coiled?

Answer 6

Makes the molecule more compact and suitable for storage.

Question 7

What Are Starch & Glycogen Useful As?

Answer 7

Storage polysaccharides.

Question 8

Why Are Starch & Glycogen Useful Storage Polysaccharides?
(2 Points)

Answer 8

~ Compact.

~ Insoluble.

Question 9

Starch & Glycogen Are Compact, What Does This Mean?

Answer 9

Large quantities can be stored.

Question 10

Starch & Glycogen Are Insoluble, What Does This Mean?

Answer 10

They will have no osmotic effect.

Question 11

How Does Glucose Have An Osmotic Effect?

Answer 11

It increases the solute concentration a cell causing water to move in by osmosis.

Question 12

What Is The Function Of Starch?

Answer 12

Storage polysaccharide of plants.

Question 13

How Is Starch Stored In Plants?

Answer 13

As granules.

Question 14

How Is Glucose Made?

Answer 14

During photosynthesis.

Question 15

How Is Starch Made?

Answer 15

When the molecules of glucose are joined.

Question 16

Starch Is Constructed From 2 Different Polysaccharides, What Are They?
(2 Points)

Answer 16

~ Amylose.

~ Amylopectin.

Question 17

Describe Amylose
(3 Points)

Answer 17

~ Unbranched chain of glucose molecules.

~ Joined via 1,4 glycosidic bonds between alpha glucose molecules.

~ Coiled / Helix shaped enabling it to be more compact so it can store loads of energy.

Question 18

Describe Amylopectin
(3 Points)

Answer 18

~ Branched chain of glucose molecules.

~ Joined via 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds between alpha glucose molecules.

~ Large presence of side branches means its rapidly digested by enzymes therefore energy is released quickly / molecules can be easily hydrolysed for use during cellular respiration of added to for storage.

Question 19

What Is The Function Of Glycogen?

Answer 19

Storage polysaccharide of animals and fungi.

Question 20

Describe Glycogen
(4 Points)

Answer 20

~ Highly branched and not coiled.

~ Formed from many molecules of alpha glucose joined together by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.

~ Large number of side branches means that the molecule can be hydrolysed and energy can be released quickly.

~ Compact, maximising the amount of energy it can store.