4.2.1 - Plant Cell Structure

Question 1

What Organelles Do Plant Cells Have?
(7 Points)

Answer 1

~ Cell wall.

~ Middle lamella.

~ Plasmodesmata.

~ Pits.

~ Chloroplast.

~ Amyloplast.

~ Vacuole & Tonoplast.

Question 2

Describe The ‘Cell Wall’ Of Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 2

~ Rigid structure surrounding plant cells.

~ Mainly made of the polysaccharide cellulose.

Question 3

Describe The Function Of The ‘Cell Wall’ Of Plant Cells

Answer 3

Offer structural support to the plant cell.

Question 4

Describe The ‘Middle Lamella’ Of Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 4

Forms the outermost layer of the plant cell

Question 5

Describe The Function Of The ‘Middle Lamella’ Of Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 5

~ Acts as an adhesive, sticking adjacent plant cells together.

~ Gives the plant stability.

Question 6

Describe The ‘Plasmodesmata’ Of Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 6

~ Narrow threads of cytoplasm.

~ In the cell wall, link adjacent cells together.

Question 7

Describe The Function Of The ‘Plasmodesmata’ Of Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 7

~ Connect the cytoplasm of neighbouring plant cells.

~ Allows substances to be transported between plant cells and facilitates cell to cell communication.

Question 8

Describe The ‘Pits’ Of Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 8

~ Thin regions of the cell wall.

~ Pits in adjacent plant cells are lined up in pairs.

Question 9

Describe The Function Of The ‘Pits’ Of Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 9

Facilitates the transport of substances between cells.

Question 10

Describe The ‘Chloroplast’ Of Plant Cells
(3 Points)

Answer 10

~ Surrounded by a double membrane.

~ Contains membrane-bound compartments called thylakoids that stack to form grana.

~ Grana are linked by lamellae, thin and flat thylakoid membrane.

Question 11

Describe The Function Of The ‘Chloroplast’ Of Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 11

~ Site of photosynthesis.

~ Contains small circular pieces of DNA and ribosomes used to synthesise proteins needed in chloroplast replication and photosynthesis.

Question 12

Describe The ‘Amyloplast’ Of Plant Cells
(3 Points)

Answer 12

~ Small, membrane-bound
organelle enclosed by a membrane.

~ Contain starch granules.

Question 13

Describe The Function Of The ‘Amyloplast’ Of Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 13

~ Responsible for staring starch in plants.

~ Convert it back to glucose, when the plant needs it.

Question 14

Describe The ‘Vacuole & Tonoplast’ Of Plant Cells

Answer 14

Vacuole is a sac in plant cells, surrounded by the tonoplast.

Question 15

Describe The Function Of The ‘Vacuole & Tonoplast’ Of Plant Cells
(4 Points)

Answer 15

~ Contains cell sap, which is a mixture of different substances such as water, minerals, waste and enzymes.

~ Keep the cell turgid.

~ Break down and isolate unwanted chemicals in plant cells.

~ Controls what can enter and leave the cell.