6.2.10 - Antibiotic Types

Question 1

What Are Antibiotics & How Do They Work?
(2 Points)

Answer 1

~ Chemical substances that damage bacterial walls with little or no harm to human tissue.
~ Work by interfering with the growth or metabolism of the target bacterium.

Question 2

What Can Antibiotics Be?
(2 Points)

Answer 2

~ Bactericidal.
~ Bacteriostatic.

Question 3

What Does Bactericidal Mean?

Answer 3

Kill bacteria.

Question 4

What Does Bacteriostatic Mean & What Happens At A High Dose?
(2 Points)

Answer 4

~ Inhibit bacterial growth processes.
~ When given at a high enough dose it will result in the death of bacterial cells.

Question 5

How Do Antibiotics Work?
(5 Points)

Answer 5

~ They inhibit bacterial enzymes needed to form bonds in the cell walls, preventing growth and causing death.

~ Cell walls are weakened and burst under the pressure of water.

~ Binding to ribosomes and preventing protein synthesis, inhibits enzyme production stopping metabolic processes in the bacterial cell.

~ Damaging cell membranes, leading to a loss of useful metabolites or uncontrolled entry of water.

~ Preventing bacterial DNA from coiling into rings, meaning that it no longer fits into the bacterial cell.

Question 6

Why Will Mammalian Cells Not Be Damaged By Antibiotics?
(4 Points)

Answer 6

~ They are eukaryotic.
~ Do not have cell walls.
~ Have different enzymes.
~ Have different ribosomes.

Question 7

Why Are Viruses Unaffected By Antibiotics?

Answer 7

They do not have cellular structures such as enzymes, ribosomes and cell walls.