2.2.1 - Nucleotides & Phosphodiester Bonds

Question 1

What Are Both RNA & DNA Polymers Made Up Of?

Answer 1

Repeating units called nucleotides.

Question 2

What Is The Structure Of A Nucleotide?
(3 Points)

Answer 2

~ Pentose sugar (Pentagon).

~ Nitrogenous base (Rectangle).

~ Phosphate group (Circle).

Question 3

What Are The Components Of A DNA Nucleotide?
(3 Points)

Answer 3

~ Deoxyribose sugar, with a hydrogen at the 2’ position.

~ Phosphate group.

~ A C G T nitrogenous bases.

Question 4

What Are The Components Of A RNA Nucleotide?
(3 Points)

Answer 4

~ Ribose sugar, with a OH group at the 2’ position.

~ Phosphate group.

~ A C G U nitrogenous bases.

Question 5

RNA Nucleotides Have An OH Group At The 2’ Position, What Does This Make RNA More Susceptible To?

Answer 5

Hydrolysis.

Question 6

What Are The 2 Structural Forms That Nitrogenous Bases Occur In?

Answer 6

~ Purines.

~ Pyrimidines.

Question 7

Describe Purines
(2 Points)

Answer 7

~ Bases A and G are purines.

~ Have a double ring structure.

Question 8

Describe Pyrimidines
(2 Points)

Answer 8

~ Bases C, T and U are pyrimidines.

~ Have a single ring structure.

Question 9

DNA & RNA Are Polymers, What Does This Mean?

Answer 9

They are made up of many nucleotides joined together in long chains.

Question 10

How Are Separate Nucleotides Joined?

Answer 10

Via condensation reactions.

Question 11

Where Do These Condensation Reactions Occur Between?

Answer 11

Phosphate group of one nucleotide and pentose sugar of the other.

Question 12

What Does A Condensation Reaction Between 2 Nucleotides Form?

Answer 12

A phosphodiester bond.

Question 13

What Is The Sugar Phosphate Backbone?

Answer 13

Chain of alternating phosphate groups and pentose sugars produced as a result of many phosphodiester bond.