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A-Level Biology > 2.2.1 - Nucleotides & Phosphodiester Bonds > Flashcards

2.2.1 - Nucleotides & Phosphodiester Bonds Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards

A-Level Biology (120 decks)

1.1.1 - The Need For A Circulatory System

1.1.2 - The Importance Of Water In Transport

1.1.3 - Mammalian Heart: Structure & Function

1.1.4 - Blood Vessels: Structure & Function

1.1.5 - Cardiac Cycle

1.1.6 - Investigating Heart Rate

1.1.7 - Atherosclerosis

1.1.8 - Blood Clotting

1.2.1 - Cardiovascular Disease

1.2.2 - Interpreting Data On Risk Factors

1.2.3 - Treatment of CVD

1.2.4 - Energy Budgets & Diet

1.2.5 - Monosaccharides

1.2.6 - The Glycosidic Bond

1.2.7 - Disaccharides

1.2.8 - Polysaccharides

1.2.9 - Lipids & Ester Bonds

1.2.10 - Reducing Risk Factors Of CVD

2.1.1 - Properties Of Gas Exchange Surfaces

2.1.2 - Ficks Law Of Diffusion

2.1.3 - The Mammalian Lung

2.1.4 - Cell Membranes

2.1.6 - Diffusion & Facilitated Diffusion

2.1.7 - Active Transport

2.1.8 - Osmosis

2.2.1 - Nucleotides & Phosphodiester Bonds

2.2.2 - DNA: Structure

2.2.3 - RNA: Structure

2.3.1 - Transcription

2.3.2 - Translation

2.3.3 - Nature Of The Genetic Code

2.3.4 - Amino Acids & Peptide Bonds

2.3.5 - Levels Of Protein Structure

2.3.6 - Globular Proteins: Structure & Function

2.3.7 - Fibrous Proteins: Structure & Function

2.3.8 - The Role Of Enzymes

2.3.9 - Mode Of Enzyme Action

2.4.1 - DNA Replication

2.4.2 - Mutations

2.4.3 - Inheritance: Key Terms

2.4.4 - Pedigree Diagrams

2.4.5 - Monohybrid Crosses

2.4.6 - Chi-Squared Test

2.4.7 - Genetic Screening

3.1.1 - Cell Theory

3.1.2 - Eukaryotic Cells

3.1.3 - Prokaryotic Cells

3.1.4 - Organisation Of Cells

3.1.5 - Microscopy

3.1.6 - Magnification Calculations

3.1.7 - Recognising Organelles

3.2.1 - The Cell Cycle

3.2.2 - Mitosis

3.3.1 - Mammalian Gametes

3.3.2 - Fertilisation In Mammals

3.3.3 - Genes & Linkage

3.3.4 - Meiosis: Source Of Genetic Variation

3.4.1 - Stem Cells

3.4.2 - Stem Cells In Medicine

3.4.3 - Cell Differentiation

3.4.4 - Epigenetics

3.4.5 - Phenotypes & Variation

4.1.1 - The Variety Of Life

4.1.2 - Measuring Biodiversity Within A Habitat

4.1.3 - Comparing Biodiversity Between Habitats

4.1.4 - Ecological Niches & Adaptations

4.1.5 - Natural Selection

4.1.6 - Hardy-Weinburg Equation

4.1.7 - Reproductive Isolation

4.1.8 - Classification

4.1.9 - Conservation Of Biodiversity

4.2.1 - Plant Cell Structure

4.2.2 - Plant Stems

4.2.3 - Importance Of Water & Inorganic Ions To Plants

4.2.4 - Starch & Cellulose: Structure & Function

4.2.5 - Plant Fibres

4.2.8 - Development Of Drug Testing

4.2.9 - Antimicrobial Properties Of Plants

4.2.10 - Sustainability & Plant Materials

5.1.1 - Ecosystems : Key Terms

5.1.2 - Biotic & Abiotic Factors

5.1.3 - Niches, Distribution & Abundance

5.1.5 - Stages Of Succession

5.1.6 - Net Primary Productivity

5.1.7 - Calculating The Efficiency Of Biomass & Energy Transfers

5.2.1 - Photosynthesis

5.2.2 - ATP As A Supply Of Energy

5.2.3 - Chloroplasts : Structure & Function

5.2.4 - Light-dependant Reactions

5.2.5 - Light-independent reactions

5.2.6 - Products Of Photosynthesis

5.3.1 - Intro To Climate Change

5.3.2 - Evidence For The Causes Of Climate Change

5.3.3 - The Greenhouse Effect

5.3.4 - Models Of Future Climate Change

5.3.5 - The Effects Of Climate Change

5.3.6 - Temperature & Enzyme Activity

5.3.8 - Climate Change & The Scientific Community

5.3.9 - Carbon Dioxide & Reduction Of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

5.3.10 - Reducing Climate Change

5.4.1 - Evolution By Natural Selection

5.4.2 - Speciation

5.4.3 - Evidence Of Evolution & The Scientific Community

6.1.1 - Determining The Time Of Death

6.1.2 - Micro-Organisms : Decomposition & Nutrient Recycling

6.1.3 - DNA Profiling

6.2.1 - Structure Of Bacteria & Viruses

6.2.2 - Entry Routes Of Pathogens

6.2.3 - Non-Specific Immune Responses

6.2.4 - Antigen & Antibodies

6.2.5 - T Cell Response

6.2.6 - B Cell Response

6.2.7 - Post Transcriptional Modification

6.2.8 - Types Of Immunity

6.2.9 - Evolutionary Race Between Pathogens & Hosts

6.2.10 - Antibiotic Types

6.2.11 - Limiting Antibiotic Resistance

7.1.1 - Movement Of The Skeleton

7.1.2 - Muscle Contraction

7.1.3 - Muscle Fibres

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