1.2.9 - Lipids & Ester Bonds

Question 1

What Are Lipids?
(2 Points)

Answer 1

~ Macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

~ Play an important role in energy yield, energy storage, insulation and hormonal communication.

Question 2

What Are The Properties Of Lipids?
(5 Points)

Answer 2

~ Waterproof, due to hydrophobic fatty tail.

~ Very compact.

~ Non-polar and hydrophobic

~ Insoluble in water, don’t interfere with water based reactions in the cytoplasm.

~ Conduct heat slowly, providing thermal insulation.

Question 3

What Are Triglycerides?
(2 Points)

Answer 3

~ Monomers are glycerol and fatty acids.

~ Non-polar and hydrophobic molecules.

Question 4

What Is Glycerol?

Answer 4

An alcohol.

Question 5

Describe Fatty Acids

Answer 5

Contains a methyl group at one end of a hydrocarbon chain known as the R group, at the other end is a carboxyl group.

Question 6

How Do Fatty Acids Vary?
(2 Points)

Answer 6

~ Length of the hydrocarbon chain (R group).

~ Fatty acid chain may be unsaturated or saturated.

Question 7

Describe Saturated Fatty Acids
(4 Points)

Answer 7

~ Contain no carbon-carbon double bonds.

~ Form unbranched, linear chains.

~ Hydrocarbon chain is saturated with hydrogen atoms due to the absence of double bonds.

~ Found in animals fats.

Question 8

Describe Unsaturated Fatty Acids
(3 Points)

Answer 8

~ Contain carbon-carbon double bonds.

~ Melt at lower temperatures than saturated fats.

~ Have kinks.

Question 9

What Function Do Fats & Oils Have In Organisms?
(4 Points)

Answer 9

~ Energy storage.

~ Insulation.

~ Buoyancy.

~ Protection.

Question 10

How Are Triglycerides Formed?

Answer 10

Made up of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids joined by ester bonds formed in condensation reactions.

Question 11

How Many Water Molecules Are Released To Form One Triglyceride?

Answer 11

Three.