1.2.3 - Treatment of CVD

Question 1

What Are The Types Of Treatment For CVD?
(4 Points)

Answer 1

~ Antihypertensives.

~ Statins.

~ Anticoagulants.

~ Platelet inhibitors.

Question 2

Describe The Role Of Antihypertensives
(2 Points)

Answer 2

~ Reduce blood pressure, reducing the risk of arterial endothelial damage.

~ Reducing the risk of atheromas and thrombosis.

Question 3

What Drugs Do Antihypertensives Include?
(3 Points)

Answer 3

~ Beta-blockers -> Prevent increases in heart rate.

~ Vasodilators -> Increase the diameter of blood vessels.

~ Diuretics -> Reduces the amount of sodium that’s reabsorbed by the blood in the kidneys, reduces water absorption into the blood, reducing blood volume.

Question 4

What Are The Benefits Of Using Antihypertensives?
(2 Points)

Answer 4

~ Reduce blood pressure.

~ Drugs work in different ways, so they can be combined to maximise the effectiveness.

Question 5

What Are The Drawbacks Of Using Antihypertensives?
(3 Points)

Answer 5

~ Side Effects -> Heart palpitations, headaches, drowsiness, swelling, depression, e.t.c.

~ These side effects are caused by blood pressure becoming too low.

~ May cause patient to stop taking them.

Question 6

Describe The Role Of Statins
(2 Points)

Answer 6

~ Reduce blood cholesterol, by reducing the number of ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol produced inside the liver.

~ They do this by blocking the enzyme in the liver needed to make cholesterol.

Question 7

What Are The Benefits Of Using Statins?
(2 Points)

Answer 7

~ Reduce the risk of atheroma formation.

~ Increases the level of HDL cholesterol, aiding the removal of LDL cholesterol.

Question 8

What Are The Drawbacks Of Using Statins?
(2 Points)

Answer 8

~ Side Effects -> Muscle + joint pain, liver damage, neurological issues and headaches.

~ Can take a while to become effective, need to be taken in the long-term to remain effective.

Question 9

Describe The Role Of Anticoagulants

Answer 9

Reduce blood clotting, reducing the likelihood of thrombosis.

Question 10

What Are The Benefits Of Using Anticoagulants?
(2 Points)

Answer 10

~ Reduces the risk of the formation of new blood clots.

~ Reduces the size and growth of existing blood clots.

Question 11

What Are The Drawbacks Of Using Anticoagulants?
(4 Points)

Answer 11

~ Side Effects -> Fainting, osteoporosis and the swelling of tissues.

~ Can’t get rid of existing blood clots.

~ Can cause excessive bleeding if injury occurs, can lead to fainting.

~ Can damage the foetus if taken during pregnancy.

Question 12

Describe The Role Of Platelet Inhibitors
(3 Points)

Answer 12

~ Type of anticoagulant, that prevent the clumping together of platlets.

~ Reducing the formation of blood clots

~ E.g. Aspirin.

Question 13

What Are The Benefits Of Using Platelet Inhibitors?

Answer 13

Reduces the formation of new blood clots, reducing the risk of blood vessel blockage.

Question 14

What Are The Drawbacks Of Using Platelet Inhibitors?
(3 Points)

Answer 14

~ Side Effects -> Rashes, liver dysfunction and stomach lining damage.

~ Can cause excessive bleeding if injury occurs.

~ Combining more than one can increase the risk of harmful side effects.