1.2.10 - Reducing Risk Factors Of CVD Flashcards
Describe Cholesterol
(3 Points)
~ Type of lipid produced in the body.
~ Cells require a source of cholesterol for cell membrane functioning, sex hormone structure and the synthesis of bile.
~ Is transported around the body as lipoproteins.
Describe Lipoproteins
(2 Points)
~ Are molecules composed of lipid and protein.
~ There are 2 types of lipoproteins.
What Are The 2 Types Of Lipoproteins?
~ High density lipoproteins (HDL).
~ Low density lipoproteins (LDL).
Describe HDLs
(5 Points)
~ Good cholesterol.
~ Contain unsaturated fat, cholesterol and protein.
~ They are mostly protein.
~ They transport cholesterol from body tissues to the liver to be recycled or excreted.
~ They are responsible for reducing total blood cholesterol levels when it is too high.
Describe LDLs
(5 Points)
~ Bad cholesterol.
~ Contain saturated fat, cholesterol and protein.
~ They are mostly lipid.
~ They transport cholesterol from the liver to blood, where it circulates until it is needed by the cells.
~ They are responsible for increasing total blood cholesterol when it is too low.
Why Are LDLs Thought To Be ‘Bad Cholesterol’?
(3 Points)
~ LDLs bind to receptors on cell surface membranes, enabling them to be taken up by the cells that need them.
~ When the are high levels of LDL cholesterol the membrane receptors on the surface of cells are blocked, increasing total blood cholesterol.
~ High levels of cholesterol can contribute to the formation of plaques in the arteries.
Why Are HDLs Thought To Be ‘Good Cholesterol’?
(2 Points)
~ Because they carry cholesterol to the liver, where it is then broken down and excreted.
~ Therefore reducing overall total blood cholesterol levels.
What Are Ways To Reduce The Risk Factors Of CVD?
(3 Points)
~ Diet.
~ Obesity.
~ Smoking.
~ Exercise.
Describe ‘Diet’ As A Way To Reduce The Risk Factors Of CVD
(3 Points)
~ Some scientific studies have linked a diet high in saturated fats to an increased risk of CVD.
~ These can be used to educate people about the risk of certain diets and to encourage them to reduce the saturated fat intake.
~ FSA have introduced food labels to make consumers aware of their saturated fat intake, so they can make an informed choice.
Describe ‘Obesity’ As A Way To Reduce The Risk Factors Of CVD
(3 Points)
~ Obesity has been linked to an increase in CVD events.
~ Healthcare professionals use waist-to-hip ratio and BMI to identify obesity in patients.
~ The results of these obesity indicators are compared to ‘normal’ values.
~ If a person is overweight or obese, then they can make informed decisions to reduce weight and risk of developing CVD.
Describe ‘Waist-To-Hip Ratio -> Obesity’ As A Way To Reduce The Risk Factors Of CVD
(4 Points)
~ Is the circumference of the waist.
~ Calculated By -> Waist (CM) / Hips (CM).
~ Women -> Ratio should be less than 0.86.
~ Men -> Ratio should be less than 1.0.
Describe ‘BMI -> Obesity’ As A Way To Reduce The Risk Factors Of CVD
(5 Points)
~ Calculated By -> Body Mass (kg) / Height²(m²).
~ BMI less than 18.5 indicates the person is underweight.
~ 18.5 - 24.9 is considered normal.
~ 25 - 29.9 is considered overweight.
~ 30 or higher is considered obese.
Describe ‘Smoking’ As A Way To Reduce The Risk Factors Of CVD
(3 Points)
~ Smoking is linked to CVD.
~ Research has led to changes in the way cigarettes are packaged. Health warning now exist on packets.
~ TV and media portray smoking as an unhealthy lifestyle choice.
Describe ‘Exercise’ As A Way To Reduce The Risk Factors Of CVD
(2 Points)
~ Inactivity has been linked to increased risk of CVD.
~ This research has led to campaigns that encourage people to exercise more frequently to reduce the risk of CVD.
