2.4.3 - Inheritance: Key Terms Flashcards
What Is A Chromosome?
Long DNA molecule which contains genes that code for several different proteins.
What Is A Gene?
Section of DNA that codes for a single polypeptide.
What Is A Polypeptide?
Polymer consisting of a large chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds.
What Is The Position Of A Gene On A Chromosome Called?
Locus.
What Is An Allele?
One of the different forms of a particular gene.
What Do Different Alleles Of The Same Gene Have Different & The Same?
(2 Points)
~ Different nucleotide bases.
~ Same locus on the chromosome.
How Do Different Alleles Arise?
Mutations.
What Is A Mutation?
A change to the sequence of the DNA of an organism.
How Many Copies Of Each Allele Does An Individual Have?
2 copies one on each chromosome in a homologous pair.
What Is A Homologous Pair Of Chromosomes?
A pair of chromosomes that match in size and shape, contain the same genes at the same loci.
What Is Homozygous / Homozygote?
When an individuals has two identical alleles of a particular gene at a locus.
What Is Heterozygous / Heterozygote?
When individuals have to two different alleles of a particular gene at a locus.
