This class was created by Brainscape user Lucas Maniglia Brigagao Perry. Visit their profile to learn more about the creator.
- decks
- flashcards
- learners
Decks in this class (150)
1.1.1 - The Need For A Circulatory System
What do the cells of all living o...,
How do single celled organisms ga...,
How do larger multicellular organ...
5
cards
1.1.2 - The Importance Of Water In Transport
Describe water 3 points 1,
Describe the structure of water 2,
What is a polar molecule what is ...
7
cards
1.1.3 - Mammalian Heart: Structure & Function
What is the role of the circulato...,
Describe the closed circulatory s...,
Describe the open circulatory sys...
29
cards
1.1.4 - Blood Vessels: Structure & Function
What are the 3 main types of bloo...,
What is the job of the arteries 2,
What is the job of the arterioles 3
11
cards
1.1.5 - Cardiac Cycle
What is the cardiac cycle 1,
During contraction of the heart w...,
During relaxation of the heart wh...
16
cards
1.1.7 - Atherosclerosis
What is atherosclerosis 1,
What type of disease is atheroscl...,
In a healthy artery describe the ...
5
cards
1.1.8 - Blood Clotting
What does blood clotting do to he...,
Blood clots reduce blood flow whi...,
The blood clot that forms can com...
14
cards
1.2.1 - Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease
What is cvd 1,
What are the lifestyle factors li...,
Describe diet as a lifestyle fact...
12
cards
1.2.2 - Interpreting Data On Risk Factors
0
cards
1.2.3 - Treatment of CVD
What are the types of treatment f...,
Describe the role of antihyperten...,
What drugs do antihypertensives i...
14
cards
1.2.4 - Energy Budgets & Diet
What is meant by the term energy ...,
Why do organisms need a supply of...,
Should energy budgets be balanced 2
9
cards
1.2.5 - Monosaccharides
Describe carbohydrates 1,
What are the 3 types of carbohydr...,
Describe monosaccharides 3
13
cards
1.2.6 - The Glycosidic Bond
How are monosaccharides made more...,
How are disaccharides polysacchar...,
What are the 2 types of glycosidi...
7
cards
1.2.7 - Disaccharides
How is a disaccharide formed 1,
Describe the function of disaccha...,
What are examples of disaccharides 3
6
cards
1.2.8 - Polysaccharides
What are polysaccharides 1,
What can polysaccharides be 2,
What are examples of polysacchari...
15
cards
1.2.9 - Lipids & Ester Bonds
Describe lipids 3 points 1,
Describe triglycerides 2,
Describe fatty acids 3
11
cards
1.2.10 - Reducing Risk Factors Of CVD
Describe cholesterol 3 points 1,
Describe lipoproteins 2,
What are the 2 types of lipoprote...
14
cards
2.1.1 - Properties Of Gas Exchange Surfaces
What do all living organisms do 1,
What are properties of gas exchan...,
Describe sa v ratio as a property...
8
cards
2.1.2 - Ficks Law Of Diffusion
What is ficks law of diffusion us...,
What does ficks law of diffusion ...,
What is the formula for ficks law...
5
cards
2.1.3 - The Mammalian Lung
Describe the role of the lungs 1,
What is the pathway to the lungs ...,
Describe the trachea 3 points 3
6
cards
2.1.4 - Cell Membranes
Describe cell membranes 1,
What are cell membranes composed ...,
What does a phospholipid consist ...
13
cards
2.1.6 - Diffusion & Facilitated Diffusion
Describe diffusion 3 points 1,
Describe simple diffusion 2,
What are factors affecting the ra...
8
cards
2.1.7 - Active Transport
What is active transport at 1,
What type of transport protein do...,
Describe the role of carrier prot...
6
cards
2.1.8 - Osmosis
What is osmosis 2 points 1
1
cards
2.2.1 - Nucleotides & Phosphodiester Bonds
What are rna dna types of 1,
What is the structure of mononucl...,
Describe a dna nucleotide 3
8
cards
2.2.2 - DNA: Structure
What does dna stand for 1,
What is the function of dna 2,
What is dna 3
7
cards
2.2.3 - RNA: Structure
What is the function of rna 1,
What does rna stand for 2,
Describe the rna mononucleotide 3
4
cards
2.3.1 - Transcription
What is a gene 1,
What is transcription 2,
Describe mrna 3 points 3
7
cards
2.3.2 - Translation
What is translation 1,
Describe trna 3 points 1,
Where does translation take place 2
4
cards
2.3.3 - Nature Of The Genetic Code
What is the genetic code 1,
What are features of the genetic ...,
Describe the triplet code of the ...
6
cards
2.3.4 - Amino Acids & Peptide Bonds
Describe proteins 2 points 1,
Describe amino acids 2 points 2,
Describe amino acids structure 3
8
cards
2.3.5 - Levels Of Protein Structure
Describe the primary structure of...,
Describe the secondary structure ...,
Describe alpha helix in the secon...
10
cards
2.3.6 - Globular Proteins: Structure & Function
Describe the structure of globula...,
Why are globular proteins round w...,
Describe the function of globular...
6
cards
2.3.7 - Fibrous Proteins: Structure & Function
Describe the structure of fibrous...,
Describe the function of fibrous ...,
What are examples of fibrous prot...
5
cards
2.3.8 - The Role Of Enzymes
Describe enzymes 6 points 1,
What is meant by activation energy 2,
Describe enzymes association with...
4
cards
2.3.9 - Mode Of Enzyme Action
Describe enzymes mode of action 1,
Describe enzymes specificity 2,
Describe the lock key models of e...
4
cards
2.4.1 - DNA Replication
What is the importance of dna rep...,
How does dna replicate 2,
What is the importance of retaini...
8
cards
2.4.2 - Mutations
What is a gene mutation 1,
What a mutations caused by 2,
What are types of errors that occ...
17
cards
2.4.3 - Inheritance: Key Terms
What is meant by gene 1,
What is meant by allele 2,
What is meant by genotype 3
10
cards
2.4.4 - Pedigree Diagrams
What can pedigree diagrams be use...,
What do pedigree diagrams provide...,
Interpret this pedigree diagram 3
3
cards
2.4.5 - Monohybrid Crosses
What is monohybrid inheritance 1,
What do genetic diagrams usually ...
2
cards
2.4.6 - Chi-Squared Test
0
cards
2.4.7 - Genetic Screening
What is genetic screening 1,
What are the 3 main uses of genet...,
Describe identification of carrie...
10
cards
3.1.1 - Cell Theory
What ideas does the cell theory i...,
What are the common features all ...,
What are the different combinatio...
3
cards
3.1.2 - Eukaryotic Cells
Describe eukaryotic cells 1,
What organelles do eukaryotic cel...,
Describe the structure of the nuc...
19
cards
3.1.3 - Prokaryotic Cells
Describe prokaryotic cells 1,
What organelles do prokaryotic ce...,
Describe the cytoplasm of prokary...
11
cards
3.1.4 - Organisation Of Cells
How are cells organised 1,
What is a tissue 2,
What are organs 3
5
cards
3.1.5 - Microscopy
0
cards
3.1.6 - Magnification Calculations
0
cards
3.1.7 - Recognising Organelles
0
cards
3.2.1 - The Cell Cycle
What is the cell cycle 1,
What are the 3 phases of the cell...,
What does the length of the cell ...
10
cards
3.2.2 - Mitosis
Describe mitosis 3 points 1,
What is mitosis needed for 2,
What are the 4 stages of mitosis 3
7
cards
3.3.1 - Mammalian Gametes
What are gametes 2 points 1,
How is a zygote formed 2,
How are gametes formed 3
8
cards
3.3.2 - Fertilisation In Mammals
What is fertilisation 1,
Describe the process that occurs ...,
Describe the process of fertilisa...
4
cards
3.3.3 - Genes & Linkage
What does a chromosome consist of 1,
What is the locus plural loci 2,
What is a gene 3
6
cards
3.3.4 - Meiosis: Source Of Genetic Variation
What meiosis 3 points 1,
What are the 2 rounds of meiosis 2,
Describe meiosis one 4 points 3
8
cards
3.4.1 - Stem Cells
Describe stem cells 4 points 1,
What process forms specialised ce...,
What is meant by potency 3
8
cards
3.4.2 - Stem Cells In Medicine
Describe stem cells in medicine 1,
What are the 2 potential sources ...,
Describe embryonic stem cells 3
5
cards
3.4.3 - Cell Differentiation
How can stem cells become special...,
Describe the steps of differentia...,
What controls gene expression 3
16
cards
3.4.4 - Epigenetics
What is epigenetics 3 points 1,
How does epigenetics work 2,
Describe nuclear dna in eukaryoti...
10
cards
3.4.5 - Phenotypes & Variation
What is meant by phenotypes 1,
What is meant by phenotypic varia...,
What is phenotypic variation infl...
9
cards
4.1.1 - The Variety Of Life
What is biodiversity 1,
What does biodiversity include 2,
What does biodiversity look at 3
20
cards
4.1.2 - Measuring Biodiversity Within A Habitat
What is meant by habitat 1,
What is meant by community 2,
What is meant by distribution 3
35
cards
4.1.3 - Comparing Biodiversity Between Habitats
What can be used to measure speci...,
What does the index of diversity ...,
What is the formula for the index...
6
cards
4.1.4 - Ecological Niches & Adaptations
What is meant by niche 1,
What does niche include 2,
Does every species have their own...
11
cards
4.1.5 - Natural Selection
What is variation 1,
What are the 2 types of variation 2,
What is interspecific variation 3
18
cards
4.1.6 - Hardy-Weinburg Equation
What does the hardy weinberg prin...,
What is meant by population 2,
What are the conditions required ...
6
cards
4.1.7 - Reproductive Isolation
What is meant be species 1,
What happens during reproductive ...,
What are examples of allele or ph...
13
cards
4.1.8 - Classification
What is taxonomy 2 points 1,
What does the phylogenetic classi...,
What are the different ranks or l...
46
cards
4.1.9 - Conservation Of Biodiversity
What happens when a species goes ...,
What is meant by conservation 2,
What are practises which help con...
13
cards
4.2.1 - Plant Cell Structure
What organelles do plant cells ha...,
Describe the cell wall of plant c...,
Describe the function of the cell...
14
cards
4.2.2 - Plant Stems
Describe the structure of xylem v...,
Describe the function of xylem ve...,
Describe the structure of scleren...
9
cards
4.2.3 - Importance Of Water & Inorganic Ions To Plants
Describe the importance of water ...,
Describe the importance of water 2,
Describe the importance of magnes...
5
cards
4.2.4 - Starch & Cellulose: Structure & Function
Describe the structure of cellulo...,
Describe the function of cellulose 2
2
cards
4.2.5 - Plant Fibres
Describe plant fibres 1,
How are these plant fibres strong 2,
Describe secondary thickening of ...
3
cards
4.2.8 - Development Of Drug Testing
Why do new drugs need to be teste...,
Describe william witherings digit...,
Describe the modern methods of dr...
9
cards
4.2.9 - Antimicrobial Properties Of Plants
Describe the conditions bacteria ...
1
cards
4.2.10 - Sustainability & Plant Materials
Describe sustainability 1,
What is meant by sustainable prac...,
Describe plant fibres sustainabil...
4
cards
5.1.1 - Ecosystems : Key Terms
What is meant by ecosystem 1,
What is meant by habitat 2,
What is meant by species 3
7
cards
5.1.2 - Biotic & Abiotic Factors
What are abiotic factors 1,
What are examples of abiotic fact...,
What varies due to abiotic factors 3
10
cards
5.1.3 - Niches, Distribution & Abundance
What is meant by niche 1,
What does the role of a species i...,
Describe why no 2 species can fil...
5
cards
5.1.5 - Stages Of Succession
What is succession 1,
What changes during succession 2,
What is primary succession 3
8
cards
5.1.6 - Net Primary Productivity
What is meant by producers 1,
What is meant by primary producti...,
What is meant by gross primary pr...
8
cards
5.1.7 - Calculating The Efficiency Of Biomass & Energy Transfers
How is energy transferred through...,
What happens to the organisms bio...,
How is energy lost in between tro...
6
cards
5.2.1 - Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis 1,
Describe the process of photosynt...,
What is the equation for photosyn...
4
cards
5.2.2 - ATP As A Supply Of Energy
What do plants need energy for 1,
What do animals need energy for 2,
Describe atp 2 points 3
4
cards
5.2.3 - Chloroplasts : Structure & Function
What occurs in the chloroplasts 1,
Describe the structure of chlorop...,
Describe the double membrane as a...
9
cards
5.2.4 - Light-dependant Reactions
Describe the ldr 4 points 1,
What is photolysis 2,
What does the photolysis of one w...
9
cards
5.2.5 - Light-independent reactions
Describe the lir calvin cycle 1,
What does the lir calvin cycle ma...,
Describe the process of lir calvi...
4
cards
5.2.6 - Products Of Photosynthesis
During the calvin cycle what does...,
During the calvin cycle what does...
2
cards
5.3.1 - Intro To Climate Change
What is climate change 1,
What is global warming 2
2
cards
5.3.2 - Evidence For The Causes Of Climate Change
What types of things can be used ...,
What have caused atmospheric carb...,
How do scientists know that atmos...
11
cards
5.3.3 - The Greenhouse Effect
What happens when radiation from ...,
What is a greenhouse gas 2,
What are 2 greenhouse gases 3
9
cards
5.3.4 - Models Of Future Climate Change
What is extrapolation 1,
When scientists extrapolate data ...,
What are limitations on the model...
3
cards
5.3.5 - The Effects Of Climate Change
What happens if there is a higher...,
Describe how climate change affec...,
Describe how climate change affec...
3
cards
5.3.6 - Temperature & Enzyme Activity
Describe the effect of low temper...,
Describe the effect of high tempe...,
What is meant by enzymes denature 3
5
cards
5.3.9 - Carbon Dioxide & Reduction Of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Describe the carbon cycle 1,
Why is knowledge of the carbon cy...
2
cards
5.3.10 - Reducing Climate Change
What are ways to reduce climate c...,
Describe the use of biofuels as a...,
What are the arguments for using ...
5
cards
5.4.1 - Evolution By Natural Selection
What is meant by evolution 1,
What may cause alleles to change 2,
What is natural selection 3
6
cards
5.4.2 - Speciation
What is meant by speciation 1,
What is meant by gene flow 2,
What needs to happen in order for...
11
cards
5.4.3 - Evidence Of Evolution & The Scientific Community
What are sources of evidence that...,
What is genomics 2,
Describe genomics as a source of ...
8
cards
6.1.1 - Determining The Time Of Death
What do microorganisms decompose 1,
What happens when plants animals ...,
What happens when the microorgani...
30
cards
6.1.2 - Micro-Organisms : Decomposition & Nutrient Recycling
Describe the process of decomposi...,
What are examples of decomposers 2
2
cards
6.1.3 - DNA Profiling
What is dna profiling used for 1,
How can dna profiles be created 2,
What is the use of the polymerase...
4
cards
6.2.1 - Structure Of Bacteria & Viruses
What are bacteria 1,
What features do bacterial cells ...,
What are viruses 2 points 3
37
cards
6.2.2 - Entry Routes Of Pathogens
How do pathogens cause disease 1,
How can pathogens enter the body 1,
What are all the barriers that pr...
7
cards
6.2.3 - Non-Specific Immune Responses
What triggers an immune response 1,
What are antigens 2 points 2,
What are the 2 types of immune re...
17
cards
6.2.4 - Antigen & Antibodies
What are antigens 2 points 1,
What are the 2 forms antigens can...,
What are self antigens 3
16
cards
6.2.5 - T Cell Response
What are t cells where are they p...,
What can antigen presenting cells...,
What is the surface of a t cell c...
8
cards
6.2.6 - B Cell Response
What are b cells where are they p...,
What is the cell surface of b cel...,
Describe the b cell response 3
4
cards
6.2.7 - Post Transcriptional Modification
Blank 1
1
cards
6.2.8 - Types Of Immunity
How is the immune system activated 1,
What is meant by primary response 2,
Describe the primary response whe...
17
cards
6.2.9 - Evolutionary Race Between Pathogens & Hosts
What is the evolutionary race 1,
What are the 2 pieces of evidence...,
Describe hivs evasion mechanisms 3
4
cards
6.2.10 - Antibiotic Types
What are antibiotics 1,
What are the 2 types of antibioti...,
Describe bacteriostatic antibioti...
7
cards
6.2.11 - Limiting Antibiotic Resistance
What are hospital acquired infect...,
Describe forms of poor hygiene th...,
What are measures hospitals have ...
9
cards
7.1.1 - Movement Of The Skeleton
Describe tendons 2 points 1,
Describe ligaments 2 points 2,
Describe muscles 3 points 3
6
cards
7.1.2 - Muscle Fibres
Describe the skeletal muscle 1,
Describe the muscle fibre 2,
Describe the sarcoplasm of the mu...
12
cards
7.1.3 - Muscle Contraction
Describe thick myosin filaments 1,
Describe thin actin filaments 2,
Describe the binding sites when r...
6
cards
7.2.1 - Respiration: An Overview
Describe aerobic respiration 1,
What is the equation balanced equ...,
What are the 4 stages of aerobic ...
9
cards
7.2.3 - Glycolysis
What is glycolysis 4 points 1,
What does glycolysis involve 2,
What are the products of glycolys...
8
cards
7.2.4 - Link Reaction & Krebs Cycle
Describe pyruvate 2 points 1,
How does pyruvate enter the mitoc...,
Describe the link reaction 3
11
cards
7.2.5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
Describe oxidative phosphorylation 1,
Blank 2
2
cards
7.2.7 - Anaerobic Respiration
What doesn t anaerobic respiratio...,
Describe lactate fermentation 2,
How can lactate be broken down 3
3
cards
7.3.1 - Homostasis: An Overview
Blank 1
1
cards
7.3.2 - Electrical Activity In The Heart
Describe what is meant by myogenic 1,
Describe the san 3 points 2,
Describe the bundle of his 3
4
cards
7.3.3 - ECGs & Diagnosing CVD
What is electrocardiography 1,
Describe electrocardiograms ecg 2,
Describe the p wave of this ecg o...
10
cards
7.3.4 - Calculating Cardiac Output
What is cardiac output 1,
Why do fitter individuals often h...,
How is cardiac output cm3min 1 ca...
4
cards
7.4.1 - Variations In Breathing Rate & Heart Rate
0
cards
7.4.3 - Intensity Of Exercise
Describe the effect of too little...,
Describe the effect of too much e...
2
cards
7.4.4 - Modern Medicine & Participation In Sport
Describe sports injuries 1,
What are surgeries that have deve...,
Describe the process of key hole ...
13
cards
8.1.1 - Co-ordination Of Response
Why must organisms respond to cha...,
Describe a stimulus 2 points 2,
Describe receptor cells 3
6
cards
8.1.2 - Neurones: Structure & Function
What are neurones 1,
What is a nerve 2,
What features are in all neurones 3
18
cards
8.1.3 - Nervous System: Response To A Stimulus
Describe how the nervous system r...,
What is the nerve impulse pathway 2,
What determines the diameter of t...
7
cards
8.1.4 - Transmission Of Nerve Impulses
Describe the resting potential 1,
Describe the sodium potassium pum...,
Describe the potassium ion channe...
13
cards
8.1.5 - Synapses: Structure & Function
What are synapses 1,
Describe the structure of synapses 2,
Describe neurotransmitters 3
4
cards
8.1.6 - Detection Of Light
Describe receptors 2 points 1,
Describe the process of how light...,
What does the fovea contain 3
10
cards
8.1.7 - The Effects Of IAA
How to plants increase their chan...,
What is tropism 2 points 2,
What is phototropism 3
8
cards
8.1.8 - Phytochrome
How do plants detect light 1,
What are phytochromes 2,
What 2 pigments do phytochromes p...
9
cards
8.2.1 - Brain: Structure & Function
What are the different sections w...,
Describe the cerebrum 2,
Describe the cerebral cortex of t...
6
cards
8.2.2 - Studying The Brain
0
cards
8.2.3 - Development Of The Visual Cortex
Blank 1,
Blank 1
2
cards
8.2.4 - The Role Of Animal Models In Research
0
cards
8.2.5 - Habituation
How do animals increase their cha...,
Why is it important that animals ...,
What is habituation 3
4
cards
8.2.6 - Imbalances In Brain Chemicals Leading To Disease
What are neurotransmitters 1,
What diseases are linked to imbal...,
What is parkinson s disease 3
12
cards
8.2.7 - Actions Of Drugs On Synapses
What does mdma ecstasy effect 1,
What is the effect of mdma on ser...,
What is the effect of serotonin 3
6
cards
8.2.8 - Personalised Medicine
Describe the human genome project...,
What is the hgp useful for 2,
What are the social ethical moral...
3
cards
8.2.9 - Producing Drugs Using GMOs
What are genetically modified org...,
What are examples of things which...,
Describe the process of genetical...
7
cards
8.2.10 - Nature Vs Nurture In Brain Development
Blank 1
1
cards
More about
A-Level Biology
- Class purpose General learning
Learn faster with Brainscape on your web, iPhone, or Android device. Study Lucas Maniglia Brigagao Perry's A-Level Biology flashcards now!
How studying works.
Brainscape's adaptive web mobile flashcards system will drill you on your weaknesses, using a pattern guaranteed to help you learn more in less time.
Add your own flashcards.
Either request "Edit" access from the author, or make a copy of the class to edit as your own. And you can always create a totally new class of your own too!
What's Brainscape anyway?
Brainscape is a digital flashcards platform where you can find, create, share, and study any subject on the planet.
We use an adaptive study algorithm that is proven to help you learn faster and remember longer....
Looking for something else?
Biology 101
- 16 decks
- 1,045 flashcards
- 11,191 learners
Decks:
Biochemical Basics, Cell Biology, Microbiology, And more!
AP® Biology
- 13 decks
- 745 flashcards
- 55,099 learners
Decks:
Evolution, Dna Rna And Protein, Cell Structure, And more!
biology a level OCR
- 32 decks
- 1452 flashcards
- 455 learners
Decks:
Cell Structure, Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids, Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipid, And more!
A Level History
- 34 decks
- 3682 flashcards
- 494 learners
Decks:
Russia Industry, Russia Control Of The People 1917 85, Russia Politics Lenin, And more!
