1.1.7 - Atherosclerosis

Question 1

What Is Atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

The hardening of the arteries caused primarily by damage to the delicate endothelium of the artery, followed by an inflammatory response.

Question 2

What Type Of Disease Is Atherosclerosis?

Answer 2

Progressive disease, it can progress over time.

Question 3

In A Healthy Artery Describe The Endothelium & Its Job?
(2 Points)

Answer 3

~ Smooth and unbroken.

~ To reduce friction between blood and the inside of the artery.

Question 4

Describe The Steps Of Atherosclerosis
(6 Points)

Answer 4

1) Damage to the endothelium layer, caused by high pressure etc.

2) Inflammatory response, white blood cells such as macrophages accumulate in the damage area.

3) Lipids and cholesterol clump together with the white blood cells under the endothelium to form fatty streaks.

4) Over time more white blood cells, lipids and connective tissues build up and harden to form a fibrous plaque called and atheroma.

5) The plaque partially blocks the lumen of the artery and restricts blood flow, causing blood pressure to increase.

6) Positive feedback occurs and the process is repeated.

Question 5

Step 1 Of Atherosclerosis Is Damage To The Endothelium Layer, What Is This Damage Caused By?
(6 Points)

Answer 5

~ High blood pressure.

~ High levels of cholesterol.

~ Smoking.

~ Diabetes.

~ Old age.

~ Diabetes.