6.2.8 - Types Of Immunity Flashcards
How Is The Immune System Activated?
When a new antigen is encountered.
Describe The Primary Immune Response
(3 Points)
~ There are low numbers of B and T cells with the correct membrane receptors, as its the first time the body has encountered the pathogen.
~ It takes time for the correct T and B cells to be activated and to divide and differentiate into different cell types.
~ After the infection memory cells are produced by B and T cells, memory cells remain in the blood.
Why Would An Infected Person Experience Symptoms Of Disease The First Time They Contact It?
(2 Points)
~ It takes several days for the correct T and B cells to be activated and to divide and differentiate into different cell types.
~ It can also take several days before plasma cells develop and are able to start producing antibodies against infection.
Describe The Secondary Immune Response
(4 Points)
~ When encountered with the same antigen, a much faster and stronger repsonse is launched.
~ There are larger quantities of memory cells present so they can detect the antigen, activate, multiply and differentiate more quickly.
~ Antibodies are produced quicker and in larger quantities.
~ Eliminating the pathogen before symtoms are shown.
What Is Active Immunity?
Is acquired when an antigen enters the body.
What Is Active Natural Immunity?
Acquired through exposure to pathogens.
What Is Active Artificial Immunity?
Acquired through vaccinations.
In Both Active Immunities What Does The Body Produce?
Memory cells, giving the person long term immunity.
What Is Passive Immunity?
Acquired without an immune response, antibodies are gained from another source they are not produced by an infected person.
What Is Passive Natural Immunity?
Foetuses receive antibodies across the placenta from their mothers, babies receive antibodies in breast milk.
What Is Passive Artificial Immunity?
People can be given an injection of antibodies.
Why Would There Be No Memory Cells Produced In Passive Immunity?
Because the persons immune system has not been activated.
Where Are Antibodies Produced In Active Immunity?
By the body.
Where Are Antibodies Produced In Passive Immunity?
There are not produced by the body.
How Long Does It Take For Antibodies To Appear In The Blood In Active Immunity?
1-2 weeks.
