Wet Room 1 Flashcards
What is the heart supplied by?
By the left and right coronary arteries and their anastomosing branches.
This blood is drained by means of the cardiac veins almost entirely to the coronary sinus (a wide venous channel on the posterior surface of the heart) which, in turn, feeds into the right atrium. (The cardiac veins don’t encircle the heart like a crown (to coronate) in the coronary sulcus, hence these are not called “coronary” veins, but rather - cardiac veins).
What do the coronary arteries and cardiac veins lie?
Lie together in both the atrioventricular (=coronary) sulcus and the interventricular sulci (=grooves) of the heart wall.
- Aortic arch
- Right coronary artery
- Left anterior descending coronary artery
- Circumflex artery
- Pulmonary trunk
- Right posterior interventricular artery
a)From which part of the aorta do the coronary arteries arise?
Right and left main coronary arteries
Which pair of coronary arteries anastomose in the coronary sulcus?
Right coronary artery
Which pair of coronary arteries anastomose in the interventricular sulcus?
Left anterior descending artery
The coronary arteries arise from what?
From left and right aortic sinuses at the root of the ascending aorta.
They are end arteries functionally, which means that their occlusion will lead to severe clinical consequences, and, frequently, fatality: Cardiac muscle cells also have poor regenerative properties.
The coronary arteries are initially distributed embedded within the epicardium, but then pierce the myocardium and give off branches that surround each cardiac muscle cell.
Coronary arteries
Cardiac veins
What are the branches of the left coronary artery?
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
Where does the posterior interventricular vein lie?
Lies alongside the Posterior interventricular artery in the posterior interventricular groove.
What does the right marginal vein lie?
Lies alongside the Right marginal artery near the right inferior margin of the heart.
What does the coronary sinus lie?
Alongside the circumflex artery in the Coronary sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart.
What do the pulmonary veins drain?
Drain directly into the right atrium
What are the venae cordis minimae?
Are small veins which drain the heart wall directly into each chamber of the heart.
What does the aorta carry?
Aorta carries oxygenated blood around the body.
It arises from the heart gives major branches to the head and neck and upper limbs before passing inferiorly along the posterior body wall just in front and slightly to the left of the bodies of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to supply the body wall and organs.
Beginning and termination of the aortic arch occurs at vertebral level?
T4
What is the bifurcation fo the abdominal aorta?
L4
What is the bifurcation of the common illiac arteries?
L5
What arteries, vein and nerve supply the chest wall?
Occur segmentally for each intercostal space being supplied in the form of a neurovascular bundle of structures that runs anteriorly along the space
What do the vessels of the neurovascilar bundle arise from?
Arise from, or drain to, larger vessels that run vertically along the anterior and posterior chest wall.
Which chest wall arteries arise from the descending thoracic aorta?
Bronchial arteries, mediastinal arteries, eosophageal arteries, pericardial arteries and superior phrenic artery
What arises from the internal thoracic artery?
Anterior intercostal arteries
Which artery gives origin to the internal thoracic artery?
Subclavian artery
Where do the internal thoracic artery ie?
Parasternally
They are accompanied by the internal thoracic veins.
They give off and receive the anterior intercostal vessels respectively.
Their branches also supply the fibrous pericardium, parietal pleura and diaphragm.
Where do the arteries from the abdominal aorta supply?
The diaphragm, adrenals, kidneys, gonads, and the gut tube. They will be dealt with later with their respective systems.
Where do the common illiac arteries arise?
Arise at vertebral level L4 and lie in iliac fossae
Where do the external iliac arteries arise?
At vertebral level L4 and become the femoral abdominal aorta
What does the internal iliac arteries arise from?
Arise at vertebral level L4 and supply pelvic viscera.
What do the main veins drain?
Draining blood from the body are the superior vena cava (SVC), which drains blood from the head, neck and upper limbs, and the inferior vena cava (IVC), which drains blood from abdominal and pelvic cavities and lower limbs.
What does the internal thoracic vein drain?
The anterior intercostal veins to the L + R brachiocephalic veins.
Where does the SVC lie?
Anterior and to the right of the ascending aorta
What are tribituaries of the SVC?
Right and left brachiocephalic veins
Azygous vein
What are the tribituaries of the IVC?
Left and right common illiac veins
What does the azygous venosu system drain?
Blood from the posterior intercostal veins to the SVC
These veins are then found lying immediately ajacent to the thoracic aorta.
The main vein of this system is the azygos vein lying immediately to the right of the descending thoracic aorta.
What do the hemiazygous venous system drain into?
the azygos vein by crossing from left to right at levels T8/T9.
Into which vein does the azygos vein drain?
SVC
Which chest wall veins are drained by the azygos and hemiazygos venous systems?
Intercostal veins
