The tongue and salivary glands Flashcards
What is the tongue?
Musuclar organ covered by mucous membrane
What are the functions of the tongue?
Moving food during chewing
Articulation
Swallowing
What is the tongue divided into?
Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by a V shaped sulcus called the Sulcus Terminalis
What is the foramen caecum?
Its in middle of sulcus termianlis
What is the embryological significance of this foramen caecum?
It is a primitive tract between the anterior cranial fossa & nasal space. – Found in infacts before fibrous tissue fills it & ossifies
What is the mucous membrane of the tongue?
The anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue has surface projections of the mucous membrane that make it rough.
These are called papillae.
What are the 3 types of papilla?
Filiform
Fungiform
Valate
Where are taste bud not present?
On the filiform type of papillae
What are the elevations on the dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by?
Submucosal lymphoid tissue collection
What are these elevations called?
Lingual tonsil
What is the inferiorsurface of the tongue covered by?
Smooth mucous membrane
Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
Lingual frenulum
What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
Mandibular (V3) division of the trigmeinal ernev
What is the general sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
What is the taste sensatio of the anterior 2/3rd?
Chorda tympani branch of the Facial nerve (Cr. N. VII)
What is the taste sensatio of the posterior 1/3rds?
Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
What are the two types of muscles of the tongue?
- Intrinsic muscles that originate and insert within the tongue
- Extrinsic muscles that attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate
On the sagittal section of the tongue above in which specific area are the intrinsic muscle fibres mainly concentrated?
Top few Cms of the tongue
What do intrinisc muscles fibres do?
Control position of the tongue tip & tongue shape
What is the attachment of the genioglossus?
- Inner surface of the Mandible*
- close to the midline*
What is the action of the genioglossus
Protrudes tongue to opposite side
What is the attachment for the hypoglossus bone?
Upper border of body of mandible
What does the hypoglossus muscle do?
Depress tongue and retracts it
What does the stloglossus muscle sttach to?
Distal styloid process (temporal bone)
What is the action of the styloglossus muscle?
Retracts tongue
What is the attachment of the palatoglossus?
Soft palate
What is the action of the palatoglossus?
Palatal muscle and helps to narrow the oropharynx in swallowing
When the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, (resulting in muscle paralysis, which direction would you expect the patient’s tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude their tongue?
To the right
What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?
All the muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic) of the tongue except one
Which muscle attaching to the tongue in NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Palatoglossus muscle – which is by CN X
Name the 3 large paired salivary glands:
- Parotid Salivary Glands
- Submandibular salivary gland.
- Sublingual Salivary Glands
What are the two parts of the submandibular gland?
Superficial lobe and Deep lobe
Which muscle separates these superficial and deep lobe of the submandibular gland?
Mylohyoid muscle
Where in relation to the floor of the mouth do the two parts of the gland lie?
One above so in the oral cavity & one below
Name the artery that grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland?
Facial artery
Where can you see the submandibular salivary duct ?
Either side of the frenulum under the tongue
Where does the submandibular salivary duct open into?
Under the tongue in the oral cavity – at the caruncan either side of the frenulum
Where do the ducts of the sublingual salivary gland lie?
Above Myohyloid & below the floor of mouth
What is the paeasympathetuc supply for the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the paeasympathetuc supply for the submandibular salivary gland?
Facial nerve
What is the paeasympathetuc supply for the sublingual salivary gland?
Facial nerve
