Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What is the orietnation of the external oblique?
Oblique
What is the action of the external oblique?
Flexion of the torso and contralateral rotation of torsa
What is the innervation of the external oblique?
Ventral rami of T7-12
What is the orientaition of the internal oblqiue?
Superiormedial (upper)
Inferiormedial (lower)
What are the actions of the internal oblique?
Bilaterally flex trunk and compress contents
Unlaterally flex and rotate to same side
What is the innervation of the internal oblique?
T7-T12
LI
What is the orientation of the transversus abdominis muscle fibres?
Horizontal
What is the action of the transversus abdominis?
Compress the ribs and viscera providing thoracic and pelvic stability
What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis?
T6-12
L1
What is the oritentation of muscle fibres of the rectus abdominis?
Vertical
What does the rectus abdominis do?
Flex lumbar pine
Intrabdominal pressure
Respiration
What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?
T7-12
Try and label
(top right, bottom right then left)
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Rectus sheath
Label
Top right then bottom right
Then top left and bottom left
Linea alba
External obliques
Pectoralis major
Internal obliques
What is the rectus sheath?
Tendon sheath (aponeurosis) which encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles
It is an extension of the tendons of the external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles.
What are the layers of the rectus sheath?
External oblique
Internal oblique
Tranversus abdominis
What lies in the rectus sheath?
Rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis muscle
What does the pyramidalis do?
Tense the linea alba
What is where the posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends called?
Acurate line
Label this- top right, bottom right, top left, bottom left
Superior epigastric
Inferior epigastric
Superior epigastric vein
Inferior epigastric vein
What do the superior arteries arise from?
Internal thoracic artery
What do the superior veins drain into?
Internal thoracic vein
What do the inferior arteries arise from?
Femoral artery
What do the inferior veins drain to?
Femoral veins
What is caput medusa?
Formation of dilated abdominal wall veins which extend from the umbilicus
Where does the lymph drain to above the umbilicus?
Anterior and posterior axillary lymph nodes
What does the lymph drain to below the umbilicus?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What is the ingunal canal?
Oblique passage through the lower part of the abdominal wall
4cm long
Pasage for structres from abdomen to genital region
Where does the ingunal ligament originate?
At the pubic tubercle and attaches to the anterior superior illiac spine
What is the inguinal ligament formed from?
The aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
The superficial inguinal ring is a break in the aponeurosis of what muscle layer?
External oblique
What anatomical point is used to surgically determine the location of the superficial inguinal ring?
Immediately above pubic crest
1cm above and superolateral to the pubic tubercle
Where is the deep inguinal ring positioned in relation to the pubic tubercle?
Superior and posterior
What layer is the deep inguinal ring an opening in?
Transversialis abdominis
Anterior borders of the inguinal canal?
Medially- Superficial inguinal ring
Laterally- Flesh part of internal oblique muscle
Posterior borders of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia
Conjoint tendon
Deep inguinal ring
Roof borders of the inguinal canal?
Mid crus of aponeurosis of external oblique, deep inguinal ring, internal oblique and transverse abdominal and transversalis fascia
What is the floor of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament and illopubic tract
What are the male contents of the inguinal canal?
Spermatic cord
Ilioinguinal nerve
Blood and lymphatics
What is the female contents of the inguinal canal
Round ligament
Ilioingunal nerve
Blood and lymphatics
What layers of the spermatic cord correlte with abdominal wall
Internal spermatic fascia- Deep to transverse abdominis
Cremasteric fascia- Internal oblique
Cremasteric muscle- External oblique
External spermatic fascia- Between skin and external oblique
What is an inguinal hernia?
Most common form of hernias.
Inguinal hernias can be classified into direct or indirect.
An indirect hernia is most common, resulting from a congenital weakness in the deep inguinal ring, allowing abdominal contents to enter into the inguinal canal lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and even out of the deep inguinal ring.
Direct hernias account for 1/3 of inguinal hernias.
Abdominal contents do not pass through the deep inguinal ring, but simply push through a weak spot in the muscles making up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, allowing contents to enter the canal and, again, even pass through the superficial inguinal ring.
What is a femoral hernia?
Occurs below the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents pass into the weak area at the posterior wall of the femoral canal medial to the inferior epigastric vessels.
These are more common in females.
The risk of strangulation in a femoral hernia is high.
What is an umbiliac hernia?
Occur when the abdominal contents pass through a weakness at the site of the passage of the umbilical cord through the abdominal wall.
In adults umbilical hernias are acquired, rather than congenital.
Abnormal fibres at the linea alba may also contribute to weakness of the wall.
