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Anatomy Decks > The Shoulder joint, rotator cuff and shoulder musculature > Flashcards

The Shoulder joint, rotator cuff and shoulder musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shoulder joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint, where the ball is the head of the humerus and socket is the glenoid cavity.

The rim of cartilage surrounding the socket is the glenoid labrum.

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2
Q

What is the function of this cartilage?

A

Static stability to glenohumeral joint

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3
Q

What is the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint thickened to form?

A

Definable ligaments, but true ligaments are also present between other bony elements.

Together these strengthen and ease movements at the joint.

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament do?

A

Strengthens superior aspect of the joint capsule.

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6
Q

The coraco-acromial arch is made up of what?

A

Acromion and coracoid process of scapula and coracromial ligament

It prevents superior displacement of the humeral head

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7
Q

Which part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest, as it is not protected by muscles or ligaments?

A

Just anterior to the attachement of the long heads at the triceps at the infraglenoid tubercle

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8
Q

Why are bursae imporant?

A

They provide cushioning around joints via their synovial fluid filled interior – they essentially act as shock absorbers!

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9
Q

What are the 2 main bursa in thr shoulder?

A

Subacromial bursa

Subscapular bursa

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10
Q

Which bursa communicates with the joint cavity?

A

Subscapular

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11
Q

What is the role of subacromial bursa?

A

Gliding mechanism between the rotator cuff and coracoacromial arch

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12
Q

What common sporting injury damages the subacromial bursa?

A

Rotator cuff injury- subacromial bursitis

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13
Q

Which muscle is this?

A

Subscapularis

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14
Q

This is the subscapularis!

What is its proximal attachments?

A

Medial 2/3 of costal aspect of scapula

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15
Q

This is the subscapularis!

What is its distal attachments?

A

Lesser tuberosity, shoulder joint capsule and the front of the upper shaft of the humerus

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16
Q

What is the movement at the shoulder joint made by the subscapularis?

A

Adductor and medial rotator of the humerus

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17
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Supraspinatus

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18
Q

What are the proximal attachment of the supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula and from fascia overlying the muscle

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19
Q

What are the distal attachment of the supraspinatus?

A

Greater tuberosity of humerus

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20
Q

What are the movements of the supraspinatus?

A

Initiates abduction

Hold humeral head in socket

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21
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Infraspinatus

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22
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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23
Q

What are the distal attachement of the infraspinatus?

A

Medial facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus

24
Q

What are the movmenets of the shoulder joint by the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Lateral rotator of the humerus

Rotator cuff

25
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Teres minor

26
Q

What does the ters minor arise from?

A

Arises from upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula

27
Q

What is the distal attachment of the teres minor?

A

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

28
Q

What is the movement at the shoulder joint by the teres minor?

A

Adductor and lateral rotator of the humerus

Rotator cuff

29
Q

Although the rotator cuff muscles have a role in movement at the glenohumeral joint, what is their primary function?

A

Stabilise the rotator cuff

30
Q

What are rotator cuff injuries caused by?

A

Repetitive overhead motions, e.g. serving in tennis; or throwing motions, e.g. pitching a baseball.

Over time the increased stress on the ligaments and muscles weakens them, making them more likely to tear.

31
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle arise from?

A

Lateral spine of the scapula, passing across the acromion to the lateral third of the clavicle.

32
Q

What is the distal attachment of the deltoid muscle?

A

Its distal attachment is to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

33
Q

What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?

A

Anterior fibres of deltoid flexion and internal rotation at the shoulder joint

Middle fibres abducts the arm at the shoulder joint

Posterior fibres extension and external rotation at the shoulder joint

34
Q

What is the nerve supply to the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

35
Q

In what common injury is this nerve often trapped and therefore damaged

A

Shoulder dislocation

36
Q

As this is a mixed nerve, where would you test for loss of sensation to determine is a nerve injury had occurred?

A

Nerve conduction tests

37
Q

What is the origin of pectoralis major muscle?

A

An extensive origin from the medial third of the clavicle, sternum and costal cartilage of the first 6 ribs and rectus sheath!

38
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

The distal attachment of this muscle is to the greater lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

39
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

Its action on the shoulder joint is to adduct the shoulder and internally rotate the humerus at the glenohumeral joint.

40
Q

Briefly describe the pectoralis muscle

A

Lies deep to pectoralis major

important anatomically as it splits the axillary artery into 3 parts

41
Q

What does the pectoralis minor do?

A

Along with the serratus anterior it serves to stabilise the scapula during limb movements by keeping it pulled against the thoracic cage.

42
Q

What does the serratus anterior from?

A

Interdigitations form the ribs and inserts into the scapula

43
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

It has an important role in protraction of the scapula.

44
Q
A
45
Q

What does the trapezius having a long origin mean?

A

Its fibres approach the spine of the scapulae from above, in-line and below it

46
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

Different movements upon contraction of different parts of the muscle.

47
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

A

Superior fibres of trapezius elevate the scapula

Middle fibres of trapezius adduct the scapula (move it back on the thorax)

Inferior fibres of trapezius depress the medial aspect of the scapula

48
Q

Trapezius has an unusual innervation from a cranial nerve?

A

Accessory nere

49
Q

Which foramen of the skull does the accessory nerve pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

50
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause flexion of shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major

Deltoid

Coracobrachialis

51
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause extension of shoulder?

A

Infraspinatus

Teres major

52
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause adduction of shoulder joint?

A

Pectoralis major

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major

Triceps

53
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause abduction of shoulder joint?

A

0-90 degrees

Supraspinatus

Middle fibres of the deltoid

90-180 degrees

Trapezius

Serratus anterior

54
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause medial or internal rotation?

A

Subscapularis

Lattisimus dorsi

Pectosalis major

Teres major

55
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause lateral or external rotation?

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Anatomy Decks (141 decks)

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