Anatomy of CVS Flashcards
What does the heart act as?
A pump
What do the arteries do?
Distribute blood from heart
What do capillaries do?
Exchange nutrients
What do veins d?
Collect and return blood to heart
What does the lymphatic do?
Drain excess extracellular fluid from tissues
What does the heart lie in?
Middle mediastinum
What are the 2 main circulations?
Pulmonary: Heart-lungs-heart
Systemic: Heart-body-heart
Also: Hepatic portal circulation and Lymphatic system
Anterior view
Posterior view
What is the mediastinum?
Area of thoracic cavity between pleural sacs
What does the thoracic cavity contain?
Principally two pleural vavities with between them, the mediastinum
What does the heart lie between?
Vertebrae T5-T8 in tecumbent position
What is the apex of the heart?
L.ventricle: 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line (some references say 4th)
What does the LA form?
•Base: Wholly posterior lies in front of oesophagus
What is the anterior relations of the heart?
Sternum & costal cartilages 4-7
Ant. edges lungs and pleurae
Thymic remnants
What are the posterior relations of the heart?
Oesophagus
Descending aorta
Thoracic vertebrae 5-8
What are the lateral relations of the heart?
Lungs
Phrenic nerve
What are the inferior relations of the heart?
Central tendon of the diaphragm
What is the endocardium?
Innermost layer
Epithelium and basal memembrane
Connective tissue
What is the myocardium?
Cardiac muscle
What is the epicardium?
Connective tissue and basement membrane and epithelium
What is the endocardium?
- Lines heart chambers
- Simple squamous epithelium sitting on basement membrane
- Sits on connective tissue
- Forms valves
