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Anatomy Decks > Reproduction 1 - Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproduction 1 - Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 categories the male reproductive system can be grouped into?

A
  1. The External Genitalia
  2. The Gonads – Where gametes or sex cells are produced and also the site for the production of male sex hormones
  3. The Tube System – For transporting the sperm from the gonads
  4. The Accessory Glands – These support the sperm and lubricate the copulatory organs.
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2
Q

What are some of the organs of the male reproductive system?

A
  • Testis
  • Vas Deferens or Ductus Deferens
  • Seminal glands
  • Prostate
  • Epididymis
  • Bulbourethral glands
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3
Q

What is A?

A

Urinary bladder

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4
Q

What is B?

A

Ureter

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5
Q

What is C?

A

Vas deferens

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6
Q

What is D?

A

Seminal glands

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7
Q

What is E?

A

Prostate

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8
Q

What is F?

A

Bulbourethral glands

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9
Q

What is G?

A

Urethra

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10
Q

What is the name of the canal that the testis pass through during development?

A

Inguinal canal

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11
Q

What are the deep and superficial openings of this canal called?

A

Superficial and deep inguinal rings

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12
Q

What is A?

A

External spermatic fascia

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13
Q

What is B?

A

Cremaster muscle and fascia

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14
Q

What is C?

A

Internal spermatic fascia

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15
Q

What is D?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

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16
Q

What are the 3 fascial layers of the inguinal canal from superficial to deep?

A

External spermatic fascia

Cremaster muscle and fascia

Internal spermatic fascia

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17
Q

What doing the inguinal canal carry?

A

This canal carries a group of structures known as the spermatic cord.

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18
Q

What are the 6 main structures of the spermatic cord?

A

1) Vas deferens
2) Testicular artery
3) Artery of the ductus deferens
4) Cremasteric artery
5) Pampiniform plexus
6) Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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19
Q

What are the ovoid testes suspended in the scrotum by?

A

Spermatic cord

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20
Q

What is the tough outer fibrous layer of the testis called?

A

Tunica albuginea

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21
Q

What are the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Visceral and parietal

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22
Q

What material is present between the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Small amount of lubricating fluid

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23
Q

What are 2 pathologies associated with the tunica vaginalis?

A
  • Hydrocele
  • Haematoceles
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24
Q

What is hydrocele?

A

Swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle

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25
Q

What causes hydrocele?

A

Injury or inflammation within the scrotum

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26
Q

What is haematocele?

A

Swelling caused by blood collecting in a body cavity

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27
Q

What causes haematocele?

A

Trauma to the testicles

28
Q

The testis are supplied by what?

A

Testicular artery

29
Q

What is the testicular artery a branch of?

A

Abdominal aorta

30
Q

At what vertebral level does the testicular artery arise?

A

L2-L3

31
Q

How does the testicular artery travel between the abdominal aorta and the inguinal canal?

A

These arteries travel retroperitoneally and cross two important structures near the pelvic brim before they travel through the inguinal canal.

  1. Ureters 2. Common iliac artery
32
Q

What 2 structures does the testicular artery cross before entering the inguinal canal?

A

1) Ureters
2) Common iliac artery

33
Q

What is the term used for the 8-12 anastomosing veins associated with the testis?

A

Pampiniform plexus

34
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

A

Thermoregulation to allow sperm maturation

35
Q

Into which veins does the right and left testicular vein drain into?

A

The right testicular vein drains into IVC

The left testicular vein drains into left renal vein

36
Q

What is a varicocele?

A

Enlargement of the veins within scrotum

37
Q

What is the main cause of varicocele?

A

Defective valves

38
Q

What 2 lymph node groups receive lymph from the testis?

A

Para-aortic and Lumbar

39
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the following:

  • prostate
  • seminal vesicle
  • scrotum
  • penis
A
  • Prostate
    • Internal iliac and sacral nodes
  • Seminal vesicle
    • Internal and external lymph nodes
  • Scrotum
    • Inguinal lymph nodes
  • Penis
    • Penile skin accompanies the external pudneal vessels to the superficial inguinal nodes
    • Glans goes to the deep inguinal and external iliac nodes
    • Erectile tissue and penile urethra goes to the internal iliac lymph nodes
40
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

The epididymis is attached to the body of the testis, and stores sperm that is produced by the testis.

41
Q

What is the vas deferens and what does it connect?

A

This is a muscular tube which arises from the tail of the epididymis, traverses the inguinal canal and enters the pelvis by crossing over the external iliac vessels. It terminates by joining the duct of the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct.

42
Q

What vessel does the vas deferns cross after entering the pelvis?

A

External iliac vessels

43
Q

What does the vas deferens form when it joins the duct of the seminal gland?

A

Ejaculatory duct

44
Q

What are the seminal glands also called?

A

Seminal vesicles

45
Q

Where are the seminal glands located?

A

These paired structures are located on either side of the posterior surface of the bladder, note their relation to the ureter, the vas deferens and the prostate gland.

46
Q

What secretions are prodcued by the seminal vesicles?

A

Constitutes bulk of the seminal fluid, thick fluid contains fructose, proteins, citric acid, inorganic phosphorus, potassium and prostaglandins

47
Q

What is the prostate gland infused to and what does it surround?

A

The prostate gland is fused to the inferior part (neck) of the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra

48
Q

What secretions are produced by the prostate?

A

Proteolytic enzymes, prostatic acid, phosphatase, fibrinolysis, zinc and prostate-specific antigen

49
Q

What is A?

A

Vas deferens

50
Q

What is B?

A

Ureter

51
Q

What is C?

A

Seminal vesicle

52
Q

What is D?

A

Prostate

53
Q

Why might an enlarged prostate gland cause retention of urine?

A

Due to obstruction of urethra

54
Q

What is the clinical significance of drainage from the prostatic venous plexus? (Think of how cancer spreads)

A

The prostatic venous plexus drains into the internal iliac vein which connects with the vertebral venous plexus, this is thought to be the route of bone metastasis of prostate cancer.

55
Q

What are bulbourethral glands also called?

A

Cowper’s glands

56
Q

Where are bulbourethral glands located?

A

These are small, paired structures located in the urogenital diaphragm which empty into the penile/spongy urethra.

57
Q

Where do bulbourethral glands release into?

A

penile/spongy urethra.

58
Q

What secretions are produced by bulbourethral glands?

A

Alkaline mucus like fluid (Cowper’s fluid)

59
Q

Describe the histological features of the testis (seminiferous tubules)?

A

Convoluted tubules sectioned in various planes

4-8 layers of cells

Spermatozoa in the lumen

Leydig cells in the interstitial spaces between tubules

60
Q

Describe the histological features of the prostate?

A

Serous alveoli with infolding epithelium

Trabeculae of muscular stroma

Amorphous eosinophilic masses, called corpora amylacea, in the alveoli in older men

61
Q

Describe the histological features of the seminal vesicle?

A

No sperms in the lumen

Highly recessed and irregular lumen forming crypts and cavities giving a honey-combed appearance

Well-developed muscular externa

62
Q

Describe the histological features of the ductus deferens?

A

Lumen Stellate in shape

A thick-walled muscular tube

Epithelial lining and its supporting lamina propria are thrown into longitudinal folds

63
Q

What is this image?

A

ductus deferens

64
Q

What is this image?

A

Seminal vesicle

65
Q

What is this image?

A

epididymis

66
Q

What is this image?

A

testes

67
Q

What is this image?

A

prostate

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