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Anatomy Decks > The Hip Joint and Anterior Thigh > Flashcards

The Hip Joint and Anterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hip joint?

A

A balla nd socket synovial joint

It is a strong and stable multiaxial joint.

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2
Q

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint?

A

The socket is deeper and the ligaments and muscles much bigger and stronger

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3
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Ring of cartilage that surrounds the acetabulum of the hip

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4
Q

Which part of the acetabular cavity does it cover- and what is its function?

A

At the peripheral margin of the acetabular cartilage. Provides of suction seal for the hip joint. Adding stability to the joint

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5
Q

Label the 3 main ligaments of the hip joint as shown in the diagram below and orientate yourself with them

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

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6
Q

The Ischiofemoral ligament prevent?

A

Hyperextension of the hip joint and the Pubofemoral ligament prevents hyper abduction of the hip joint.

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7
Q

The movements at the hip joint are?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Internal Rotation
  6. External Rotation
  7. Circumduction (a combination of the above)
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8
Q
A
  1. Iliacus 2. Psoas major 3. Pectuneus
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9
Q

What do illiacus and psoas major arise from?

A

The inner pelvis and posterior abdominal wall, passing downwards and attaching onto the greater trochanter of the femur through a common tendon.

At this point they are known as the iliopsoas muscle.

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10
Q

What does the pectenneus arise from?

A

The pubis bone passing distally to attach onto the femur

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11
Q

What are the illiacus, psoas major and pectuneus supplied by?

A

Branches from the lumbar plexus, a common theme for the muscles found at the anterior and medial aspects of the pelvis and thigh.

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12
Q
A

The extensors of the hip are arranged into 3 functional groups

1- Gluteus maximus

2- Hamstrings

3- Posterior part of adductor magnus

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13
Q

What is the hamstring comprised of?

A

Comprised of 3 muscles- The hamstrings are a group of four muscles: long head of the biceps femoris, short head of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.

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14
Q

What is the main extensor of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus maximus

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15
Q

What is the gluteus maximus?

A

Large superficial muscle which you sit on! It is used when standing from a sitting position, and when climbing stairs.

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16
Q

What supplies the gluteus maximus, hamstrings, posterior part of adductor magnus?

A

These muscles are supplied by branches from the sacral plexus (L4 to S3), a common theme for muscles found in the posterior aspect of the pelvis and thigh.

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17
Q

What are these movements?

A
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18
Q

Where are the hip adductor muscles found?

A

In the medial compartment of the thigh, and when they contract infer adduction of the hip joint.

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19
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movement of a straightened leg inwards crossing the axis of the other leg

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20
Q

What is the adductor compartment is mostly supplied by?

A

Adductor compartment is mostly supplied by the obturator nerve (aside from the posterior part of adductor magnus), a nerve from the lumbar plexus, which exits the pelvis via the obturator canal.

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21
Q
A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Obturator Externus

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22
Q

What is the muscle for hip abduction?

A

There is no specific abductor compartment of the thigh, but rather the deep gluteal muscles carry out this role via. their attachment to the greater trochanter of the femur.

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23
Q
A
  1. Gluteus medius 2. Gluteus minimus 3. Piriformis
24
Q

What are the abductors of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Piriformis

25
Q

What are the abductors of the hip joint essential for?

A

A normal walking gait

26
Q

What do abductors do everytie you raise one leg off the ground?

A

The abductors of the opposite side of the pelvis contract to provide stability

27
Q

The abductor compartment is supplied by what?

A

Branches of the lumbar plexus

28
Q

Rotation of the lower limb only occurs effectively at what?

A

The hip joint

29
Q

Turning the inside of the foot to face forward, requires what?

A

Requires lateral rotation of the hip

30
Q

Turning the inside of the foot to face backwards, requires what?

A

Medial rotation of the hip

31
Q

Muscles involved in external rotation cross the joint on what side?

A

The joint on the posterior side.

These lie deep within the pelvis and attach onto or around the greater trochanter.

32
Q

What muscles are involved in external rotation?

A

Piriformis

2) Obturator Internus
3) Obturator Externus
4) Superior and Inferior Gamelli
5) Quadratus Femoris

33
Q

Muscles involved in internal rotation cross what joint?

A

Cross the joint on the anterior side

34
Q

Which muscle(s) are the medial rotators of the hip joint?

A
  1. Gluteus medius
  2. Gluteus minimus
  3. Tensor Fascia Lata
35
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

A

The anterior compartment, medial compartment, and posterior compartment

36
Q

Quadriceps Femoris is what?

A

4 headed muscle which forms the main bulk of the anterior thigh region.

37
Q

What are the 4 heads or parts of the quadriceps femoris?

A
  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus lateralis
  3. Vastus intermedius
  4. Vastus medialis
38
Q

Which nerve innervates these anterior group muscles?

A

Femoral nerve

39
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris on the hip joint?

A

Acts with iliopsoas to produce hip flexion

40
Q

The 4 parts of the quadriceps unite to form what?

A

Quadriceps tendon proximal to the patella.

Distal to the patella this continues as the patellar tendon, inserting into the anterior aspect of the tibia.

41
Q

To which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?

A

Tibial tuberosity

42
Q

What can the quadricpes do?

A

Flex the hip jopint while extending the knee joint

43
Q

When does the lower limb rotate and when?

A

In the first trimester, the lower limb bud rotates from a lateral, extended position to one where the original anterior surface becomes the sole of the foot, as seen in an adult.

44
Q

What do the quadriceps do?

A

The quadriceps flex the hip, whilst extend the knee joint.

45
Q

What is the sartorius?

A

This is the longest muscle in the body, and the most superficial in the anterior compartment of the thigh

46
Q

Where does the sartorius muscle run?

A

It runs across from is proximal origin at the anterior superior iliac spine, to the pes anserinus (gooses foot!) on the medial aspect of the tibia along with 2 other muscles.

47
Q

What are the other 2 muscles that run with the sartorius muscle?

A

Gracilis muscle and Semitendinous muscle

48
Q

What are the 3 actions of sartorius on the hip joint?

A
  1. Weak flexor
  2. Abduction of the knee joint
  3. Laterally rotates the thigh at hip joint

Medially rotates the lef at knee joint

49
Q

How is it possible that the Sartorius is therefore able to carry out the same action (flexion) at the hip and the knee.

A
50
Q

How do the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh act on the hip joint?

A

Hip adductors

51
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

A

Obturator nerve

52
Q

Through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles enter the thigh?

A

Obturator canal

53
Q

What is the obturator canal special?

A

The foramen is almost completely occluded by muscle, leaving only a small canal for the neurovascular structures to pass through.

54
Q
A
  1. Adductor brevis muscle
  2. Addctor magnus muscle
  3. Adductor canal
55
Q

What structures pass through the adductor canal?

A

Femorl artery, femoral vein, nerve to the vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve

56
Q

Which fossa do they enter after passing through the obturator canal?

A

Popiteal fossa

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