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Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the action of the psoas major?

A

Flexion of the thigh at the hip and lateral flexion of the vertebral colum

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3
Q

What is the action of the psoas minor?

A

Flexion of the vertebral colum

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4
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumourum?

A

Extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column.

It also fixes the 12th rib during inspiration, so that the contraction of diaphragm is not wasted

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5
Q

What are the 3 main openings in the diaphragm?

A

Caval hiatus

Oesoohageal hiatus

Aortic hiatus

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6
Q

What vertebral level do the openings in the diphragm occur?

A

Caval- T8

Oesophagel- T10

Aortic- T12

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7
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A
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8
Q

What opening does the thoracic duct pass through?

A

Aortic hiatus

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9
Q

When does a hiatus hernia occur?

A

When the upper part of your stomach bulges throguh the diaphragm

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10
Q

The aorta and IVC are the two major blood vessels which run on the posterior of the abdominal cavity. Which vessel sits most anteriorlly?

A

Above umbilicus aorta is more posterior but below umbilicus the aorta becomes more anterior

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11
Q

Where does the foregut run from and to?

A

The foregut runs from the Oesophagus to the Duodenum- proximal to bile duct(including liver, gall bladder, spleen and pancreas)

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12
Q

Where does the midgut run from and to?

A

The midgut runs from duodenum to the first two thirds of the transverse colon

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13
Q

Where does the hindgut run from and to?

A

The hindgut runs from the last third of the transverse colon to the upper part of the anal canal.

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14
Q

What does the celiac trunk supply?

A

The foregut

Comes off the abdominal aorta at T12

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15
Q

What does the SMA supply?

A

The midgut

Comes off the abdominal aorta at L1

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16
Q

What does the IMA supply?

A

The hindgut

Comess off the abdominal aorta at L3

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery

Hepatic artery

Splenic artery

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19
Q

Where do the renal arteries comes off the abdominal aorta?

A

L1

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20
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta divide into 2 common iliac arteries?

A

L5

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21
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22
Q
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23
Q

What vessels merge to form the IVC?

A

Common illiac vein

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24
Q

At what vertebral level do the common iliac veins merge?

A

L5

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25
Q

The portal vein is formed by the union of which 2 major veins of the abdominal cavity?

A

Splenic Vein

Superior mesenteric Vein

26
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain to?

A

Splenic vein

27
Q

What are the 2 drainage systems in the body?

A

The portal system and the systemic system

28
Q

What is a portal system?

A

Part of the systemic circulation, in which the blood draining from the capillary bed of one structure flows through larger vessels to supply the capillary bed of another structure before returning to the heart.

29
Q

Blood from the gut tube superior to the diaphragm and inferior to the pelvic floor drains via what?

A

Systemic venous system

30
Q

Blood from the abdominopelvic gastrointestinal tract drains via what?

A

Via the portal system to the liver.

31
Q

Where are the four sites of the portal-systemic anastomoses?

A

Eosophageal varicies

Caput medusae

Rectal varices

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

32
Q

What is the clinical relevance of these sites of anastomoses?

A

When there is a blockage in the portal system, the portocaval anatomoses enable the blood to still reach the systemic venous circulation

33
Q

What is pre aortic?

A

. If a vessel comes out of the aorta anteriorly the drainage would be to ‘pre-aortic’ nodes at that level

34
Q

What is para aortic?

A

If the vessels protrude at either side of the aorta, then the nodes are called ‘para-aortic’ nodes.

35
Q

What does all lymph from the foregut structures drain to?

A

Pre-aortic nodes at T12

36
Q

What is the sympathetic nere supply of the abdomen?

A

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser and least)

Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia

Abdominal aortic plexuses

37
Q

What is the parasympatjetic nerve supply of the abdomen?

A

Anterior and posterior vagal trunks (vagus nerve – 10th Cranial nerve)

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, S3 and S4)

38
Q

What does parasympathetic and sympathetic do to GI secretion

A

Parasympathetic- Increases

Sympathetic- Decreases

39
Q

What do parasympathetic and sympathetic do to peristalsis?

A

Parasympathetic- Increase

Sympathetic- Decrease

40
Q

What do parasympathetic and sympathetic do to blood vessels?

A

Parasympathetic- Vasodilation

Sympathetic- Vasoconstriction

41
Q

What is the effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion?

A

It markedly reduces gastric secretion

42
Q

What is the visceral pain refered to for foregut pain?

A

Epigastric

43
Q

What is the visceral pain refered to for midgut pain?

A

Umbilical region

44
Q

What is the visceral pain refered to for hindgut pain?

A

Suprapubic

45
Q

What does the lumbar plexus originate from?

A

Ventral rami of L1-L4

46
Q

What is the lumbar plexus formed within?

A

The psoas major muscles

Its main branches emerge either lateral to, on the surface of or medial to the psoas major muscle

47
Q

What is the root of the illiohypogastric nerve?

48
Q

What is the root of the illioingiinal nerve?

49
Q

What is the root of the genitofemoral nerve?

50
Q

What is the root of the lateral cutanous nerve of the thigh?

51
Q

What is the root of the obturator nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4

52
Q

What is the root of the femoral nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4

53
Q

What are the identifying features of the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

Runs to iliac crest,across the quadratus lumbordum; perforates the transversus abdominus and divides into its terminal branches – Sensory

Higher up and passes anterior to quaratus lumborum

54
Q

What are the identifying features of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

After innervating the muscles of the abdominal wall, it passes through the superficial inguinal ring to innervate the skin of the genitalia & middle thigh – sensory

55
Q

WHat are the identifying features of trhe genitofemoral nerve

A

After leaving the psoas major, the nerve quickly divides into the genital branch and the femoral branch

Pierces psoas major runs along anterior to it

56
Q

What are the identifying features of the lateral cutanous nerve of the thigh?

A

Purely sensory function; enters the thigh at the lateral aspect of the inguinal ligament, where it provides cutaneous innervation

Runs inferolaterally on illiacus, and enters thigh deep to inguinal ligament. Medial to inguinal spine

57
Q

What are the identifying features of the obturator nerve?

A

Descends through psoas major and emerges from its medial border, then travelling posteriorly along the pelvic wall, towards the obturator foramen of the pelvis; medial part of the thigh

Psoas major medial border- passes inferior to superior pubic ramus

58
Q

What are the identifying features of the femoral nerve?

A

Innervates the anterior thigh muscles that flex the hip joint and extend the knee and supplies cutaneous branches to the anteromedial thigh and the medial side of the leg & foot.

Big boy. Lateral to psoas major and deep to inguinal ligament

59
Q

What is the arterial supply, lymoh drainage and refered pain of the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

Celiac nodes

Epigastric

60
Q

What is the arterial supply, lymoh drainage and refered pain of the midgut?

A

SMA

Prevertebral superior mesenteric nodes

Umbilical

61
Q

What is the arterial supply, lymoh drainage and refered pain of the hindgut?

A

IMA

Chyle cistern

Suprapubic

Anatomy Decks (141 decks)

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