Conceptual overview of the lower limbs Flashcards
What are the hip bones composed of?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
a. Anterior superior iliac spine
b. Illia crest
c. Illiac fossa
d. Pubic tubercle
e. Pubic crest
f. Obturator foramen
g. Acetabular fossa
h. Ischial spine
i. Ischial tuberosity
What is the femur?
Longest bone in the body and runs from the hip joint to the knee joint, it is exclusively found in the thigh
Femur
a. Neck
b. Lesser trochanter
c. Lateral condyle
d. Greater trochanter
e. Medial condyle
f. Head
g. Intertrochanteric line
What does the femoral head articulate with?
The acetabulum of the hip to form the hip joint
The two hemi-pelvises articulate where?
In the midline at the pubic symphysis
What are the 2 superficial veins?
Great saphenous veins
Lesser sapheous veins
What do the veins of the leg begin as?
Main tributaries from the dorsal venous arch of the foot
Where do the great sapheousvein drain into?
The femoral vein at the medial aspect of the thigh
Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?
Great saphenous vein
Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?
Small sapheous vein
Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?
Great sapheous vein
Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?
Small sapheous vein
Why are valves present in the sapheous vein?
To prevent pooling of blood in the legs
How are the varicous veins formed?
If these valves become incompetent, the thin vessels dilate, and become torturous forming varicose veins
WHat happens if varicous veins become inflammed?
Become problematic
Thrombophelbitis
The deep veins of the lower leg ascend with?
Their respective major arteries
What does venous status cause?
Venous status (stagnation) is an important cause of thrombus (blood clot) formation.
A number of risks increase this occurring in the lower limb – you will likely cover in your clinical sessions.
What is it called if a thrombus occurs in the deep veins of the lower limb?
DVT
What becomes if a thrombus becomes disloged and migrates away?
Its source it is called an embolus.
If this lodges in the lungs then it is a pulmonary embolus, a potentially life-threatening clinical condition.
The lymphatics in the lower limb drain into 3 groups of nodes:
Superficial Inguinal
Deep Inguinal
Popliteal
Lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein drain into where?
The superficial inguinal nodes
The lymphatics accompanying the small saphenous vein drain into what?
Popiteal lymph nodes
Enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes can be caused by what?
Infection to any structure lying inferior to the level of the umbilicus, including the lower limb.
They can also become enlarged in intra-abdominal/pelvic malignancies.
What does the sensory supply come from?
Lumbar and sacral plexus
What is the purple and what is the green?
The region supplied by the lumbar plexus is shown in purple and the sacral plexus in green.
What is the anterior of knee suppkied by?
L3 dermatome
The big toe is commonly supplied by the L5 dermatome, and the little toe by the S1 dermatome.
