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Anatomy Decks > The Hand > Flashcards

The Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the skin of the dorsum (back) of the hand is looser and more mobile compared to the palmar aspect of the hand?

A

The reason for this is that is structure and stability is provided to the palmar aspect of the hand by the palmar fascia.

These are fibres which provide a lattice structure, protecting the deep muscles and neurovascular structures.

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

Which muscle of the forearm (not found in everyone) is continuous with the fascia of the palm shown above?

A

Palmaris longus

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4
Q

The small, intrinsic muscles of the hand allow for what?

A

For fine movements of the fingers, often working in combination with each other.

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5
Q

What are the 5 compartments of the hand? From superficial to deep

A

Thenar compartment

Hypothenar compartment

Lumbricals and long flexor tendons – central compartment

Adductor compartment

Interosseous compartment

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6
Q

What do the thenar muscles form?

A

Form the fleshy muscle belly (thenar eminence) on the lateral aspect of the palm.

They are composed of 3 muscles, 2 lying superficial, and 1 immediately deep to these.

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7
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8
Q
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9
Q

What is the nerve supply from the thenar emincnece derived from?

A

Median nerve, however, the exception to this is the deep belluy of FPB which is supplied by the ulnar nerve

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10
Q

Which nerve segment from the brachial plexus serves to provide the majority of the innervation to the thenar muscle?

A

C6-T1 and part of C5

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11
Q

The hypothenar muscles form?

A

The fleshy muscle belly (hypothenar eminence) on the lateral aspect of the palm.

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12
Q

Which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

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13
Q

Which nerve root from the brachial plexus serves to provide the majority of the innervation to the hypothenar muscles?

A

C8-T1

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14
Q

What do opponens do?

A

Opposition is the movement of the thumb (pollicis), or little finger (digiti minimi) towards the other fingers.

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15
Q

Lying deep to the thenar and hypothenar eminence is what?

A

The central compartment

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16
Q

What does the central compartment contain?

A

The flexors tendons passing distally from the forearm to the digits, with their respective synovial sheathes.

These are: Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor pollicis longus

Additionally, 4 small muscles of the hand originate here the lumbricals

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17
Q

What do the lumbricals arise from?

A

Medial and lateral aspects of the FDP tendon, between the 1st to 5th metacarpals

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18
Q

The lumbricals flex what?

A

The fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joint of 2nd to 5th digits

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19
Q

What do the median two lumbricals innervated by?

A

Ulnar nerve

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20
Q

What do the lateral two lumbricals innervated by?

A

Median nerve

21
Q

Where does the adductor pollicis lie?

A

Lying in the hand below the neurovascular structures, this muscle has 2 heads

22
Q
A
23
Q

What does the contraction of the adductor pollicis do?

A

Adducts the thumb - the explanation of abduction, adduction, with its other movements is given here

24
Q

Which nerve innervates adductor pollicis?

A

Ulnar nerve

25
Q

What are the interossei muscles deep do?

A

Deepest in the hand and lie between the metacarpal bones (hence interossei); there are 4 dorsal and 3 palmar interossei.

26
Q

A mnemonic is used to remember the action of dorsal and palmar interossei muscles on the fingers

A

DAB – Dorsal Interossei ABduct the Fingers

PAD – Palmar Interossei ADduct the Fingers

27
Q

Which nerve innervates the dorsal and palmar interossei muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

28
Q

Which spinal segment contributes the most to the innervation of the interossei?

A

C8-T1

29
Q

What does the ulnar and radial artery do once it provides blood supply to the hand?

A

Once they reach the palm they form the superficial and deep palmar arch.

These arches anastomose with each other, therefore if one artery becomes blocked the other can maintain blood supply via. its collateral circulation.

30
Q

Which artery is the main contributor of superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar

31
Q

Which artery is the main contributor of the deep palmar arch?

A

Radial

32
Q

Where does the deep palmar arch lie?

A

Deep in the palm as the terminal branch of the radial artery.

After it crosses the anatomical snuff box, passing between the 2 heads of the 1st dorsal interossei and 2 heads adductor pollicis.

33
Q

What are venous arches associated with?

A

Respective arterial arches

34
Q
A
35
Q

What do the median and ulnar nerves supply?

A

Muscles of the hand

36
Q

The median nerve enters the hand through?

A

Through the carpal tunnel and proceeds to supply the majority of the thenar eminence apart from the deep belly of flexor pollicis brevis, and the 1st and 2nd lumbricals

Ulnar nerve innervates the rest of the intrinsic muscles of the hand

37
Q

What do the median and ulnar nerves carry?

A

The segmental fibres of C 6 and T 1 to innervate the respective intrinsic muscles of the hand

38
Q

The ulnar nerve is a branch of which cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Medial cord

39
Q

What is the motor testing action of the axillary?

A

Abduct the shoulder (deltoid)

40
Q

What is the motor testing action of the musculocutanoeus

A

Flex the elbow (biceps, brachialis)

41
Q

What is the motor testing action of the

A

Extend your wrist (posterior compartment of the forearm

42
Q

What is the motor testing action of the ulnar

A

Spread your fingers (intrinsic muscles of the hand)

43
Q

What is the motor testing action of the median?

A

Move your thumb towards your nose (abductor pollicis brevis)

44
Q

What is the sensory testing action of the axillary?

A

Outer aspect of shoulder

45
Q

What is the sensory testing action of the radial?

A

Posterior arm, froearm and dorsal aspect of lateral 3 and a half fingers

46
Q

What is the sensory testing action of the musuclocutanous nerve

A

Lateral aspect of forearm

47
Q

What is the sensory testing action of the median nerve

A

Palmar aspect of lateral 3 and a half fingers

48
Q

What is the sensory testing action of the ulnar nerve?

A

Palmar and dorsal aspect of medial 1 and a half fingers

49
Q
A

Anatomy Decks (141 decks)

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