The Peritoneum Flashcards
What is the peritnoeum?
Continous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers abominal organs
It is one continous layer but is described different depending on where it lies
The peritoneum lining the body wall?
Partietal peritoneum
The peritoneum lining the viscera?
Visceral peritoneum
Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, heat & cold?
Partietal peritnoeum
Define the term peritoneal cavity?
Space between the partietal and visceral peritoneum
There are no organs within the peritoneal cavity. What is present within the peritoneal cavity?
Peritoneal effusion
What is ascities?
Peritoneal effusion
Small amounts of fluid can collect in paracolic gutters
What are organs surrounded by visceral peritneum called?
Intraperitoneal
What are organs only covered on their anterior surface by visceral peritoneum called?
Retroperitoneal
Intra or retro peritoneal?
What are the retroperitoneal organs?
Supradrenal gland
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum
Pancreas except tail
Ureter
Kidney
Bladder
Colon
Oesophagus
Rectum
What is the pneumonic for retroperitoneal organs?
Supradrenal gland
Aorta/ IVC
Duodenum (second and third part)
Pancreas
Ureter
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Eosophagus
Rectum
What is the lesser sac?
Space sequestered behind the stomach
What do the lesser and greater sac communicate through?
The epiploic foramen
What are the lesser and greater sacs and where do they lie?
Lesser sac- The lesser sac lies posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum
Greater- The greater sac is the larger portion of the peritoneal cavity
Through which passage do the 2 sacs communicate?
Epiploic foramen
Describe the boundaries of the epiploic foramen
Superior to the duodenum
Inferior to the posterior liver
Superior and posterior to the stomach
Posterior to the hepatoduodenal ligament
What is the greater ommentum attached from and to?
Attaches from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
What is the lesser omentum attached from and to?
Attaches from the duodenum to the liver
What is the greater omeuntum?
Abdominal policeman
Lower margin and the left and right margins are free, and it moves about the abdominal cavity in response to peristaltic movements. In infection, especially appendicitis, inflammatory exudate causes the omentum to adhere to the site of infection, and wrap itself around the infected organ.
This localises the infection to a small area of the cavity, protecting against serious diffuse peritonitis.
What is the difference between the omenta and mesentery attachments?
Mesenteries attach organ to wall, organ to other structure is an omenta
What is peritoneal pain?
Pain from the parietal peritoneum lining the abdominal wall is innervated by the lower 6 thoracic nerves and L1, thus pain here is somatic and can be precisely localized. It is extremely sensitive to stretching, made use of in clinical diagnosis – rebound tenderness.
What is the visceral peritoneum innervated by?
Autonomic nerves. Pain is often referred, and is dull and poorly localised. Because the GI tract is a midline structure receiving bilateral nerve supply, pain is referred to the midline.
What do retroperitoneal organs tend to cause?
Back pain
What are the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments a part of?
The lesser omentum
What is the falciform ligament and what structures lie within its free border?
It is the thin, sickle-shaped, fibrous structure which connects the anterior part of the liver to the ventral wall of the abdomen. In its free border lies the ligamentum teres, a cordlike structure, which is a remanent of the umbilical vein.
What structure in the free edge of the falciform ligament is a remnant of an embryonic blood vessel?
Round ligament
What is the name of this vessel in the embryo?
Gubernaculum
List 3 abdominal viscera which lie in the free edge of a double layer of peritoneum described as the mesentery.
Small intestine
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon
