Applied Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 2 ways to secure an aneurysm?
- Endovascular coiling
- Surgical clipping
What are the layers of the scalp?
S = Skin
C = Dense connective tissue
A = Epidural aponeurosis
L = Loose alveolar connective tissue
P = Periosteum
What is an aponeurosis?
Sheet-like tendon in muscles with a wide area of attachment.
A scalp wound that is deep enough to cut the aponeurosis appears different to one that is not so deep. In what way? Does this alter management?
Once cut through the aponeurosis it will open up much wider (keeps it all together)- Management- Deep suture to pull the bone together
What is the clinical significance of the pterion?
Weak spot in the skull due to sutures- Also has a major artery behind
What can the surgon do if they remove the bone flap imaged below?
Once the bone flap has been removed the surgeon can then visualise the meninges
What happens after the bone flap is removed?
After the bone flap is removed the surgeon is looking at the
Dura mater. Running on this layer is an artery- this is the middle meningeal artery
This artery is commonly injured in trauma where it can cause?
Extradural haematoma
Some of the arteries shown have yellow discolouration on them.
What is this yellow discolouration?
Atheromateous plaque
What is the clinical significance of this?
Causes vessel dilation which can make wall damage and cause aneurysm
Also can break off and embolise
What happens after a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Haemorrhage patients can develop vasospasm
This causes a delayed constriction of cerebral arteries resulting in stroke-like symptoms.
Some days after the clipping the patient develops left leg weakness and vasospasm is suspected.
Spasm of which vessel may account for this?- Right side (ACA)
What are the features of a third nerve palsy?
Loss of eye movement
- Only lateral rectus and superior oblique still innervate
- Point eye down and outwards (Abduct)
- Get fixed dilated pupil
