The Neck Flashcards
What is the vertebra compartment?
Cervical vertebrae and Postural muscles (Prevertebral & Postvertebral muscles)
What is the vascular compartment?
One on each side): contains major blood vessels and the vagus nerve
What is the visceral compartment?
Contains thyroid, parathyroid glands (and part of thymus), Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea & oesophagus
What is the musuclofascial colar?
Encloses the structures
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
What kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1 (atlas)?
Atlanto-ocipital articultion
pair of (condyloid) ellipsoid synovial joints
What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?
Atlantoaxial joint
A pivot joint
What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?
Vertebral arteries & veins, Sympathetic nerve plexus.
What is the vertebra prominens?
The seventh cervical vertebrae (C7)
What is the special feature of the spines of cervical vertebrae?
They are bifid
What curvature exists in the cervical portion of the vertebral column
Cervical lordosis
What is the superior boundary of the anterior triangle?
Inferior border of the mandible
What is the posterior boundary of the anterior triangle?
SCM muscle
What is the anterior boundary of the anterior triangle?
Midline of neck
What is the contents of the anterior triangle
Suprahyoid Muscles: Stylohyoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles: Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid
Cranial nerves – 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Common Carotid Bifurcates
Internal Jugular Vein
What is the anterior border of the posterior triangle?
Posterior border of the SCM
What is the posterior border of the posterior triangle?
Anterior border of the trapezius muscle
What is the inferior border of the posterior triangle?
Middle 1/3 of the clavicle
What is the contents of the posterior triangle?
Muscles: Inferior Belly of Omohyloid, Splenius Caopitis, Levator scapulae, Anterior, middle posterior scalenes
Veins – EJV & branches
What are the SCMs attachments?
The sternum (inferiorly)
Clavicle (inferior)
Mastoid process & temporal bone (superiorly).
If the right sternocleidomastoid contracted:
- which side would the head tilt? Tilt* Right
- To which side would the face turn?* Turn left
What are the actions of the trapezius?
Postural & active movement muscle. – tilt & turn the head, shrug, steady the shoulders & twist the arms. – It also elevates, depresses, rotates, and retracts the scapula.
Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius? In which triangle of the neck is it found?
Accessory nerve (Cr. N. XI) – Posterior Triangle
What is the anterior triangle further subdivided by?
The digastric and the omohyoid muscles into 4 triangles
What are the 4 triangles?
Submental
Submandibular
Carotid
Muscular
What are the boundaries of the submental triagnle?
Right & Left anterior bellies of digastric muscles laterally.
Hyoid bone - above
What are the lymph nodes in the submemntal triangle?
Submental
What are the boudnaries of the submandibular triangle?
Mandible, posterior belly of digatric, anterior belly of digastric
What is the artery and the salviary gland in the submandibular triangle?
Artery- Lingual and facial
Salivary gland- Submandibular
What are the boundaries of the carotid triagnle?
Omohyoid, posterior digastric, anterior belly of digastric
What is the contents of the carotid triangle?
Neurovascular sheath
What are the boundaries of the muscular tringle?
Anterior border of SCM, Midline of neck, omohyoid, hyoid bone
What are the strap muscles, vessels and viscera in the mucular triangle?
Strap muscles of the neck: Infrahyoid muscles
Vessels: Superior & Inferior thyroid arteries, anterior jugular veins
Viscera: thyroid & parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, oesophagus.
What rami do the ventral rami of the lower cerival spinal nerves as they emerge from between the scalene muscles that form the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Brachail plexus
