Urinalysis Flashcards
What are the causes of haematuria?
Trauma
Infection
Coagulopathies
Renal infarction
Urinary tract stones
What causes haemoglobin urea?
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Transfusion reactions
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Sickle cell disease
Infections (e.g. malaria)
Drug-induced haemolytic anaemia (e.g. methyldopa)
Metallic heart valves
What causes myoglobinuria?
Rhabdomyolysis
Excessive physical exertion
Compartment syndrome
Hyperthermia
Myositis (e.g. viral, autoimmune)
Prolonged seizures
What is the cause of proteinuria?
CKD
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephritic syndrome
Intense exercise
Fever
Medications
What causes pyuria?
UTI
Genitourinary TB
Renal papillary necrosis
Interstitial cystitis
What causes glycosuria?
Acromegaly
Cushing’s syndrome
Excessive sugar intake
Impaired glucose intolerance
What are the causes of ketonuria?
Hyperthyroidism
Prolonged vomiting
Starvation
Alcohol excess
Diabetes poorly controlled
What test should be sent for genitourinary TB?
Urinary PCR, acid-fast bacilli staining and culture should be sent if tuberculosis is suspected
How can acid-base status be assessed?
Capillary blood glucose and/or blood gas to also check acid-base status
