Dialysis

Question 1

What is a common complication of haemodialysis?

Answer 1

Dialysis induced hypotension

Muscle cramps due to fluid and electrolyte fluctuations

Arrythmias that can cause sudden cardiac death

Dialysis disequilibrium stormed

Question 2

Which vessels are used for the AV fistula?

Answer 2

Radial artery and cephalon vin, that needs 4-8 weeks to mature

Question 3

Where is tunnellled vascular catheters created?

Answer 3

Inserted into internal jugular vein

Question 4

What are the indicators for starting dialysis?

Answer 4

eGFR of 5-7 ml/min/1.73m2
Symptoms of uraemia (e.g. malaise, nausea, pruritus)
Fluid overload refractory to medical treatment
Resistant hyperkalaemia
Resistant acidosis

Question 5

What is dialysis disequilibrium syndrome?

Answer 5

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome refers to acute cerebral oedema due to rapid extraction of osmotically active substances like glucose, and sodium

Question 6

What are the complications with AV fistula?

Answer 6

Bleeding
Aneurysm
Ischaemic steal
Thrombosis
Stenosis

Question 7

What is schaemic stela syndrome?

Answer 7

the hand becomes ischaemic due to reduction or reversal of arterial flow distal to the fistula

Question 8

What general risks do patients on dialysis have?

Answer 8

Vascular calcification
Malnutrition
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Question 9

What are the risks of periontela dialysis?

Answer 9

Bacterial infection, causing cloudy dialysis fluid and abdominal pain

Question 10

What is the treatment for peritoneal dialysis infection?

Answer 10

Intraperitoneal antibiotics (e.g. vancomycin and ceftazidime