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Year 3 > Personality Disorders And Relationship Problems > Flashcards

Personality Disorders And Relationship Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

Collection of characteristics or traits that determine our actions, based on nature and nurture.

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2
Q

What are the Big 5 personality traits?

A

OCEAN
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

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3
Q

What contributes to the development of personality?

A

->Genetic influence; Heritability of Cluster B personality, and relationship between schizotypal, schizophrenia and borderline personality

->Poor attachment and inconsistent parenting

->Severe childhood trauma and adverse intrauterine experience

->Low levels of serotonin found in impulsive and violent individuals

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4
Q

What is a trait?

A

Consistent stable characteristic of an individual, inferred by a pattern of thoughts/feelings/behaviours that is determined by genes and the environment.

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5
Q

What is the psychodynamic theory for personality disorder?

A

The personality consists of the
Id: basic primal part for instant gratification Superego: Moral conscience for how to behave
Ego: Rational self that is perceived by others

Childhood experiences like arrested development within the oral, anal or genital phases lead to the development of personality disorders. They are a defence mechanism to protect the self from anxiety.

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6
Q

What is the cognitive behavioural theory for personality disorders?

A

An individual develops dysfunctional maladaptive schemata, that become core beliefs from early childhood experiences, that are maintained in adulthood.

An innately temperamental vulnerability combined with a dysfunctional environment lead to emotional dysregulation, an incoherent sense of self, narrow focus of attention and deficit in self-reflection.

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7
Q

What is a personality disorder?

A

Persistent: Evident in adolescence and continues in adulthood
Pervasive in most areas of life
Pathological distress to self or others and impairs function

This affects interpersonal relationships, is enduring with an onset prior to adulthood and cannot be explained by other mental disorders or organic brain disease.

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8
Q

What is a Cluster A personality disorder?

A

Characterised by peculiar, eccentric or odd behaviour, with features like social withdrawal and distorted thinking.

Includes:
->Paranoid: sensitive, suspicious and distrustful of others
->Schizoid: emotionally cold and detached from others, excessive fantasisation
->Schizotypal: peculiar ideas, perceptions, appearance and behaviour that creates interpersonal distress with family/friends

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9
Q

What is a Cluster B personality disorder?

A

Characterised by difficulty controlling emotions and displaying erratic and dramatic behaviour.

Includes:
-> Narcisstic
-> Histrionic
-> EUPD/BPD
-> Antisocial

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10
Q

What is a Cluster C personality disorder?

A

Characterised by anxious and fearful behaviours. Include:

-> Anankastic
-> Anxious
-> Dependent

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11
Q

What is the epidemiology of personality disorders?

A

-> More men than women
->Form a disproportionately high level of the prisoner population, making up half
-> 5-10% of the general population

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12
Q

What is the most common type of personality disorder in men?

A

Most common type in men is emotionally unstable, borderline personality, antisocial and schizotypal

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13
Q

What is the most common type of personality disorder in wommen?

A

Most common type is:
-> Borderline personality disorder
-> Histrionic personality disorder
-> Dependent personality disorder

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14
Q

What is emotionally unstable personality disorder?

A

A type of Cluster B personality which is more common in males than females. There is a tendency to act impulsively without consideration for the consequences, and an affective instability. Outbursts of intense anger is often violent when impulsive actions are criticised or prevented.

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15
Q

What are the criteria for impulsive type borderline personality disorder?

A

Must fulfil three of the following:
-> Tendency to act impulsively without considering consequences
-> Liable to outbursts of anger or violence
-> Difficulty maintaining action without immediate reward
-> Unstable mood
-> Tendency to be in conflict with others

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16
Q

What are the criteria for borderline personality disorder?

A

At least three criteria must be met:
-> Disturbances in self-image and pretences
-> Involved in intense and unstable relationships that lead to emotional abandonment
-> Excessive efforts to avoid abandonment
-> Recurrent threats or acts of self-harm
-> Chronic feelings of emptiness

17
Q

What is the criteria for dissocial personality disorder?

A

FIGHTS
Forms relationships easily but can’t maintain them
Irresponsible behaviour
Guiltless
Heartless and callous attitude
Temper easily lost
Someone else’s fault

18
Q

What is the mnemonic for paranoid personality disorder?

A

SUSPECT
Suspicious
Unforgiving
Sensitive about setbacks
Possessive
Excessive self importance
Conspiracy theories
Tenacious sense of rights

19
Q

What is the mnemonic for schizotypal personality disorder?

A

MEPECULIAR
Magical thinking
Experiences unusual perceptions
Paranoid ideation
Eccentric behaviour
Constricted affect
Unusual thinking
Lacks close friends
Ideas of reference
Anxiety in social situations
Rule out psychotic diagnosis

20
Q

What is anxious personality disorder?

A

A type of Cluster C personality disorder C

21
Q

What is dependent personality disorder?

A

A type of Cluster C personality disorder where there is a pervasive over-reliance on others to meet emotional needs through reassure Ment. They find expressing disagreement difficult and fear being alone.

Commonly, they seek out companionship when a romantic relationship ends and rely on other people for their life responsibilities.

22
Q

What is Narcisstic personality disorder?

A

Type of Cluster B personality disorder characterised by:
Grandiose attitude of self-importance and arrogance
Excessive need for admiration
Inability to empathise
Sense of entitlement and envious of others

23
Q

What is avoidant personality disorder?

A

Type of Cluster C personality disorder characterised by:
->Excessive social anxiety and inhibiton which leads to embarrassment and restraint in relationships
->Fear of shame and the view of the self as inferior
->Uses avoidance as a maladaptive coping mechanism

24
Q

What is schizoid personality disorder?

A

Cluster A personality disorder where an individual has:
Detached affect
Indifferent to criticism or praise
Tasks are done alone
Absence of close friends

25
Q

What are the features of histrionic personality disorder?

A

A type of Cluster B personality disorder where:
-> An individual is focused on appearance and attention
-> Display shallow emotions and speech is vague and impressionistic (describing own feelings)
-> Value the idea of a relationship over intimacy

26
Q

How are personality disorder assessed?

A

->It is important to assess substance misuse and any co-morbid psychaiatric disorders
->Broader assessment of personality, carried out over multiple interviews
->Clinical interview, where the patient’s interaction and response to the interviewer is observed
->Obtaining a collateral history
->History must display an enduring and pervasive pattern of emotional expression that impairs functioning

27
Q

What features distinguish a mood disorder from personality disorder?

A

Mood disorders are characterised by discrete clear episodes without a clear trigger, and they experience a “normal self” in between.

First episode occurs later in liver and isn’t pervasive.

28
Q

Which assessment tools are used for personality disorder?

A

Eysenck personality questionnaire
Self report questionnaire
Diagnostic interview for DSM-IV
Personality Diagnostic questionnaire

29
Q

What are the ethical and legal issues in dealing with individuals with a risk of violence to others?

A

Determining the presence of a mental disorder to determine which services to access
Use of the mental health act or mental capacity act
Determine use of drugs

30
Q

What is the management of individuals with personality disorders?

A

Patient must have control over care planning and take responsibility for actions, rather than focusing on self-harm

NICE guidelines do not recommend medications, and are only effective for co-morbidities, however their effectivity is reduced.d

Dialectical behavioural therapy is the main form used for Personality disorders

31
Q

What is dialect behaviour therapy?

A

Group setting therapy based on CBT which incliudes 4 modules:

-> Mindfulness to focus on the present

->Distress tolerance to deal with it in a more effective way

->Interpersonal effectiveness for maintaining self-respect in relationships

->Emotion regulation

32
Q

What is cognitive analytic therapy?

A

Combination of cognitive and psychodynamic therapy where a person’s behaviour is considered in the context of their childhood experiences.

33
Q

How should dissocial personality disorder be managed?

A

Prevention in childhood as conduct disorder is a risk factor

Group-based CBT focused on reducing offending behaviour

Year 3 (22 decks)

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