Respiratory

Question 1

What causes coarse Inspiratory crepitation?

Answer 1

Bronchieactasis

Question 3

What are the risks factors for aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 3

alcoholism, malnutrition, and poor oral hygiene, and there is also a suspicion of previous episodes of vomiting

Question 4

What are the

Question 5

What causes caesating granuloma?

Answer 5

Tuberculosis

Question 6

What causes non caesating granuloma?

Answer 6

Sarcoidosis

Crohn’s disease

Question 7

What causes Patchy opacification across both upper zones?

Answer 7

Tuberculosis as there is more oxygen in the upper zones

Question 8

What is the cause of A well circumscribed homogenous opacity in the right middle zone?

Answer 8

A mass, indicating lng cancer

Question 9

What causes A wedge shaped opacification in the left middle zone?

Answer 9

Pulmonary infarction, seen in PE

Question 10

What is a useful alternative to sputum samples?

Answer 10

Bronchoalveolar lavage

Question 11

What is the pharmacological treatment of influenza?

Answer 11

Neuroaminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir for risk of complications

Question 12

What do coarse crackles indicate?

Answer 12

Reduced mucous clearance, associated with cystic fibrosis

Question 13

What are ronchi?

Answer 13

Coarse load abnromal breath sounds during exaltation due to airflow turbulence in larger airways

Question 14

What does it mean if ronchi improve with coughing?

Answer 14

Acute bronchitis

Question 15

What is the gold standard for food allergy?

Answer 15

Food challenge test where child is gradually given increasing quantities of allergen

Question 16

What is first line investigation for food allergy?

Answer 16

Skin prick testing
Blood testing for IgE levels to different food allergens as these are more time efficient in acute scenarios

Question 17

What are the issues with IgE testing for food allergy?

Answer 17

Sensitisation can occur and produce false positives in the abscence of symptoms of allergy

Question 18

What should be suspected in a patient with signs of dyspnoea and abnromal CXR findings that has recently started biologic therapy?

Answer 18

tuberculosis latent reactivation

Question 19

What are the initial blood gas findings for aspirin overdose?

Answer 19

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 20

What are bronchial breaths sounds?

Answer 20

Harsh and loud high pitched sound between breathing, indicating consolidation or lung collapse.

Question 21

What are indicators of risk of respiratory failure?

Answer 21

Increasing tachypnoea
New-onset bronchial breath sounds
Decreasing oxygen saturation

-> it is important to issue with intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation

Question 23

When will V/Q scan be used in pulmonary embolism?

Answer 23

Allergy to iodine which is used in the contrast mediums for CTPA

Question 24

Which condition is haemophilius influenza associated with?

Answer 24

COPD

Question 25

Which condition is pseudomonas aerugiosa associated with?

Answer 25

Cystic fibrosis Bronchieactasis

Question 26

When to rule out TB as a differential for pneumonia?

Answer 26

Absence of night sweats, haemoptysis and severity

Question 27

What are the normal lung findings on spirometry?

Answer 27

FEV1/FVC > 0.7; FEV1 < 80% of expected; FVC < 80% of expected

Question 28

What are the spirometry findings for restrictive lung disease?

Answer 28

FEV1/FVC > 0.7; FEV1 < 80% of expected; FVC < 80% of expected

Question 29

What are the lung Findings for COPD?

Answer 29

FEV1/FVC < 0.7; FEV1 < 80% of expected; FVC > 80% of expected

Question 30

What is a cavitating lesion caused by?

Answer 30

A cavity filled material caused by : Infection Malignancy Rheumatoid nodules Sarcoidosis