JVP waveform Flashcards
What does the ‘a’ wave represent in the context of JVP?
Atrial contraction
Large if atrial pressure is increased, e.g., in tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or pulmonary hypertension; absent in atrial fibrillation.
What does a large a wave indicate?
High atrial pressure e.g. tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension
What causes cannon ‘a’ waves?
Atrial contractions against a closed tricuspid valve
Seen in complete heart block, ventricular tachycardia/ectopics, nodal rhythm, and single chamber ventricular pacing.
Which conditions are associated with cannon ‘a’ waves?
Seen in complete heart block, ventricular tachycardia/ectopics, nodal rhythm, single chamber ventricular pacing
What does the ‘c’ wave correspond to?
Closure of tricuspid valve, but is not normally visible
Not normally visible.
What is the ‘v’ wave caused by?
Passive filling of blood into the atrium against a closed tricuspid valve
Giant v waves can be observed in tricuspid regurgitation.
What does a large v wave indicate?
Tricuspid regurgitation
What does the ‘x’ descent indicate?
Fall in atrial pressure during ventricular systole
What does the ‘y’ descent represent?
Opening of tricuspid valve
What causes absent A-wave?
Atrial fibrillation
What causes cannot A wave?
Atrium contracting against closed tricuspid. Seen in complete heart block, ventricular tachycardia or extrasystole.
What causes prominent A wave?
Forceful atrial contraction
Tricuspid stenosis
Pulmonary hypertension
