Thyroid Cancer Flashcards
What are the types of thyroid cancer?
- Papillary (most common malignant cause of a thyroid nodule)
- Follicular
- Medullary
- Anaplastic
Which type of thyroid cancer is common in low iodine areas?
Follicular thyroid cancer, presenting between 30-60 years old
Which cancer arises from the c cells?
Medullary thyorid cancer, that can cause hypocalcaemia and diarrhoea, associated with MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia)
Which thyroid cancer has the worst prognosis?
Anaplastic thyorid cancer
What is thyorid lymphoma associated with?
Hashimoto’s thyoriditis
What are the red flags for thyroid cancer?
Red flags thyroid cancerred flags forthyroid nodules?
* Male
* Young or elderly (<20, >70)
* History of radiation to the neck
* Family history of MEN2 or thyroid cancer
What is multiple endocrine neoplasia?
group of genetic conditions characterized by the development of neoplasms in multiple endocrine organs
What is MEN-1 caused by?
Mutation in MEN-1 gene causing parathyroid cancer, pancreatic and pituitary cancer
3 Ps
What is Men-2A caused b?
Mutation in RET gene
What does Men2A caused?
Parathyroid cancer
Adrenal cancers like pheochromocytoma
Thyroid medullary cancer with dysphagia and hoarseness
What is Men-2B caused by?
Mutation in RET gene causing parathyroid
What is the features of Men2B cancer
Parathyroid cancer resulting in hypercalcaemia
Adrenal causing pheochromocytoma
Thyroid cancer
Mucosal neuroma
What is the diagnosis of MEN syndromes?
Genetic testing for MEN1 or RET genes
How do patients with MEN2B present?
Tall and thin with long fingers and high arched palates
Mucosal neuromas
Medullary thyroid cancer, which begins in c cells that produce calcitonin
What is the cause of an asymptomatic thyroid mass whic is slow growing?
Thyroid cyst
What causes acute generalised thyroid gland enlargement?
Thyoriditis
What is a complication of papillary thyorid cancer?
Spreads to cervical lymph nodes
Which type of thyorid cancer has risk of vascular invasion?
Follicular thyorid cancer and has high risk of distant metastasis
Which type of thyorid cancer is associated with calcitonin?
Medullary thyorid cancer
