Hypogonadism

Answer 1

Hypogonadism, characterized by deficient sex hormone production by the testes in men, manifests with lethargy, weakness, weight gain, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, gynaecomastia, depression, infertility, and osteoporosis

Question 2

What is the common cause of primary hypogonadism?

Answer 2

Trauma
Cryptorchidism (undescended testes)
Klinefelter syndrome

Mumps virus

Question 3

What is the cause of secondary hypogonadism?

Answer 3

Kallmann syndrome, pituitary adenomas, hyperprolactinemia, anorexia nervosa, opioid use, glucocorticoid use, HIV/AIDS, hemochromatosis.

Question 4

What is the management of symptomatic hypogonadism?

Answer 4

HRT with testosterone that is topical, oral or intramuscular
Regular DEXA scans

Question 5

What is Kallman syndrome?

Answer 5

Kallmann syndrome is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterised by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. It may present with a lack of secondary sexual characteristics, as seen in these cases, and non-reproductive features include facial abnormalities and extra-ocular movement abnormalities, single kidney, shortened digits and deafness.

Question 6

What are the blood test findings for primary hypogonadism?

Answer 6

Low GnRH, low testosterone, low LH, low FSH

Question 7

What is empty sella syndrome

Answer 7

Flattening of pituitary gland due to issues with sella turcica or radiotherapy or surgery

Question 8

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism?

Answer 8

partial or complete deficiency of hormones produced by the pituitary gland, affecting functions such as growth, reproduction, thyroid regulation, adrenal function, and water balance