Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 > MUS > Flashcards

MUS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the obligations of the sick role?

A

-> The person must want to get well soon
-> They should seek professional medical advice and cooperate with the doctor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the privileges of the sick role?

A

-> The person is allowed to shed normal responsibility and work
-> They are regarded as being in need of care and unable to get better by their own will

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the abnormal illness behaviours?

A

Illness denial
Illness affirmation which is divided into somatisation and simulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are medically unexplained symptoms? (MUS)

A

Physical symptoms not explained by organic disease where there is strong evidence or assumption that the symptoms are due to psychological distress. MUS is not a diagnosis of exclusion and a diagnosis requires eliciting positive psychological factors. Majority are transient and not deliberately produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are multiple MUS associated with?

A

Psychiatric disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the types of medically unexplained symptoms?

A

Malingering
Factitious
Somatoform disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is malingering disorder?

A

Falsification or exaggeration of symptoms in order to receive external material gain such as relief from work duty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is factitious disorder?

A

Conscious falsification of medical symptoms by exaggerating symptoms to feign the patient’s role in order to receive a medical diagnosis and treatment. This is divided into 3 groups; wandering, non-wandering and by proxy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is wandering factitious disorder?

A

Mainly affecting men, characterised by flighty nature between hospitals and jobs. They typically have aggressive/dissocial personalities and co-morbidity alcohol and drug issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the indications for factitious disorder?

A

Inconsistencies in patient history and atypical progression
Patient is disruptive and non-compliant with diagnostic tests
Multiple requests for medication
Treatment seeking at multiple hospitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a psychosomatic disorder?

A

A disorder of physical symptoms which are caused or worsened by mental distress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the management for factitious disorder?

A

Collecting evidence from multiple sources
Supportive confrontation of the patient with a colleague to offer psychological support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a somatoform disorder?

A

One or more chronic physical symptoms where the patient frequently requests medical investigations in spite of repeated negative findings and reassurances that the symptoms have no physical basis. These last at least 2 years and a diagnosis is made based off negative findings and patient’s abnormal thoughts and feelings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is disassociative/conversion disorder?

A

Functional disorder which presents acutely following trauma or mental distress, based on the patient’s idea of the condition. Distressful thoughts or memories are repressed from consciousness and converted into neurological symptoms and disrupt the functioning of the mind and produce amnesia/fatigue, however patient will have normal tone or reflexes. Patients are typically unconcerned with the symptom.

The most common conversion disorders are paralysis, loss of speech, sensoryy loss and seizures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the risk factors for conversion disorders?

A

Female
History of abuse/adverse childhood events
Traits of neuroticism
Alexithymia (difficulty expressing emotions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are somatisation symptoms?

A

Manifestation of physical symptoms with insufficient or absence of physical cause, presumed to be due to psychological causation. This can occur due to:
-> Normal accompaniment of existing physical illness where worry is expressed as a somatic complaint
-> Presentation of depressive illness
-> Core component of a syndrome with a psychiatric cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are functional symptoms?

A

Patterns of bodily complaints however physical examination does not reveal significant pathology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the prognosis and management for conversion disorder?

A

Prognosis for conversion disorder is positive with an expectation of complete resolution.

Patient should be managed by excluding underlying organic disease and presenting the diagnosis as positive for recovery. Interventions that maintain the sick role should be avoided and psychotherapy may be useful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the MUS in gastroenterology?

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the MUS in gynaecology?

A

Chronic pelvic pain
Vulvodynia

18
Q

What are the MUS in infectious disease?

A

Post viral fatigue syndrome/ Chronoic fatigue syndrome

19
Q

What are the MUS in neurology ?

A

Non-epileptic attack disorder
Functional neurological disorder
Tension headaches

20
Q

What are the MUS in cardiology?

A

Atypical chest pain

21
Q

What are the MUS in orthopaedics?

A

Chronic idiopathic back pain

22
Q

What are the MUS in rheumatology?

A

Fibromyalgia

23
Q

What are the MUS in immunology?

A

Idiopathic environmental intolerance

24
Q

What is somatisation disorder?

A

Repeated presentation of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) which are unconscious and affecting multiple organ systems with an onset before age 30 and persists for many years. It is characterised by long, complex medical histories however patients will highlight only the most recent symptoms which are non-specific and atypical.

25
Q

What are the features of patients with somatisation disorder?

A

Excessive use of medical services and alternative therapies
Poly pharmacy
Excessively disabled
Dissatisfaction with care
Unrealistic care expectations
Denial or minimisation of life problems

26
Q

What are the precipating factors for somatisation?

A

->History of early/chronic physical illness
->Childhood neglect/sexual abuse
->Central pain mechanisms that amplify or generate noxious stimuli
->Culture of emotional avoidance
->Conditional reinforcement of attention for physical illness

27
Q

What are the precipitating factors for somatisation?

A

Life events such as losses, threats or trauma
Acute time limited disease

28
Q

What are the perpetuating factors for somatisation?

A

Change in social responsibility, dynamic and expectation from family/friends/work
Physical consequences of illness behaviour
Iatrogenic harm from unnecessary medical interventions
Public recognition of suffering
Receiving compensation

29
Q

What is the management for somatisation disorder?

A

Initially document and communicate diagnosis by emphasising negative investigations and providing reassurance to patient of continuing care. Patient should be assessed for psychiatric co-morbidity and family should be educated to avoid reinforcement.
Patient should be managed for a regular review by a single doctor and only ordering tests based on objective signs. tests

30
Q

What are the common psychiatric co-morbidities with somatisation disorder?

A

Depression
Anxiety
Panic disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Post traumatic stress disorder
Post natal depression

31
Q

What is disassociation?

A

Unconscious separation from a traumatic and harmful stimulus, which can present as an abnormal mental state such as amnesia or fugue in order to gain relief from the stressor.

32
Q

What is conversion?

A

Unconscious manifestation of a psychological stressor into a physical stressor.

35
Q

How can medically unexplained symptoms be diagnosed?

A

->Symptom does not fit with known disease models
->Patient is unable to give a clear and concise description of symptoms
->Symptom is excessive in relation to pathology
->Correlation with stressful life events
Patient has strongly held beliefs of disease process causing symptoms

36
Q

How are medically unexplained symptoms assessed?

A

Obtaining a clear description of symptoms
Assessing ICE
Identifiying current stressors
Patient’s management of the symptoms
Physical examination of organ/system
Identifying co-existing mental illnesss
Carrying out appropriate investigations

37
Q

How is MUS managed in primary care?

A

Regular reviews with single practitioner
Symptom management
Pain service referral
Promoting self-efficacy

38
Q

How is MUS managed in secondary care?

A

Symptom management
Reduce medication with the aim of discontinuing
Referral to ani services
Promoting self efficacy
Liaising with GP
Referral to psychological services

39
Q

What is a healthy adjustment response?

A

Focus on the tasks still within their control
Cycling through the stages of grief

40
Q

What is an unhealthy adjustment response to physical symptoms?

A

Blames seeking
Illness affirmation and validation
Viewing life as worthless
Focusing on losses, both socially

41
Q

Which psychological morbidities are associated with neurological disorders?

A

Neurological conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease are a gradual deterioration and results in the loss of identity and increases the risk of anxiety and depression due to a reduction in quality of life from a previous standard. There is an elevated risk for suicide and the use of poly pharmacy for condition management increases the risk.

42
Q

What is the manifestation of psychological stress in children?

A

Children have difficulty vocalising stress, therefore it is characterised by negative changes in behaviour such as becoming withdrawn, irritability, clinginess and changes in sleep and eating habits. They may vocalise somatic symptoms such as headaches and stomachaches. It is important for early intervention to occur and referral to CAHMS if necessary.

43
Q

What is psychological sequelae and how is it managed?

A

A mental condition arising from disease or trauma which can be managed through talking therapies, support groups and maintaining a support network.

44
Q

What are primary health promotion strategies?

A

Improving mental health literacy of the population
Reducing mental health stigma
Developing mentally healthy communities and regions
Suicide prevention
Education on integration of physical and mental health

45
Q

What is Munchansen syndrome?

A

Aka factitious syndrome, where a patient consciously acts as if they have an illness through self-injury or acting to attain a patient’s role.

46
Q

Which factors contribute to factitious disorder?

A

Personality disorder
Positive relationship between the doctor and patient
Medically related employment
Antisocial personality trait

47
Q

How is Munchansen syndrome managed?

A

Physical tests to rule out organic cause
Assessment for suicide risk and co-morbid illness
Supervision of patient to avoid unnecessary intervention

Year 3 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions