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Clinical Pathology > TM 4 (Blood groups) > Flashcards

TM 4 (Blood groups) Flashcards

1
Q

Increased by enzymes

A

ABO (Lewis, I/i, P)
Rh
Kidd

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2
Q

Decreased by enzymes

A

MNS, Duffy

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3
Q

Room-temp, usually clinically insignificant Abs

A

M, N, Lewis, I, P

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4
Q

Alloantibody notorious for becoming undetectable

A

Kidd

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5
Q

Dosage

A

Kidd, Duffy, Rh, MNS

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6
Q

Carbohydrate antigens

A

ABO, Lewis, I, M, N, P

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7
Q

Location of A & B genes

A

Ch9

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8
Q

Type 1 H-antigen chains present where

A

Secretions

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9
Q

Type 2 H-antigen chains present where

A

RBC membranes

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10
Q

Se gene

A

FUT2 enzyme adds fucose to type 1 chains
Makes Type 1 H-antigen in secretions
80% gene frequency

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11
Q

H gene

A

FUT1 enzyme adds fucose to type 2 chains
Makes Type 2 H-antigen on RBCs
~100% gene frequency

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12
Q

Group A sugar

A

N-acetylgalactosamine on terminal galactose

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13
Q

Group B sugar

A

Galactose on terminal galactose

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14
Q

Relative amounts of H by blood group

A

O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B

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15
Q

Group A2

A

less A than A1

may make anti-A1

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16
Q

What agglutinates A1 but not A2

A

Dolichos biflorus

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17
Q

ABO frequencies in Caucasians

A

O-45%
A-40%
B-10%
AB-5%

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18
Q

ABO frequencies in AAs

A

O-50%
A-25%
B-20%
AB-5%

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19
Q

Neutralized by guinea pig urine

A

Sda

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20
Q

Neutralized by Hydatid cyst fluid

A

P1

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21
Q

Neutralized by saliva

A

H

LeA

22
Q

Neutralized by breast milk

A

I

23
Q

Neutralized by pigeon egg fluid

A

P1

24
Q

Neutralized by plasma

A

Chido

Rogers

25
Q

Acquired B phenotype

A

Type A person with enteric Gi rods
forward type is discrepant with weak (1-2+) reaction to anti-B sera
the bacteria deacetylate GalNAc to galactosamine (which looks similar to galactose)

26
Q

Bombay phenotype

A

no Se or H gene (hh,sese)

strong anti-H, all are type O

27
Q

Parabombay phenotype

A

have Se gene, but not H
Serum/secretion testing shows free H
have anti-H in serum

28
Q

Lewis blood group has Type ___ chains

A

Type 1 (floating in plasma)

29
Q

How is Lewis A made

A

Le gene (FUT3) adds fucose to subterminal GalNAc = LeA

30
Q

How is Lewis B made

A

in secretors, FUT 2 adds fucose to LeA to make LeB

31
Q

Person with Se gene and Le gene is

A

Lewis B

32
Q

Lewis antigens are/aren’t tightly bound to RBCs

A

Are NOT

33
Q

% of blacks vs white who are Lewis negative

A

22% AA

6% Caucasians

34
Q

Lewis Ags during pregnancy

A

decrease, may look Le(a-, b-) and make Abs

35
Q

H. pylori attaches via

A

LeB

36
Q

Le(a-b-) children have increased risk of

A

UTI

37
Q

Auto-anti-i

A

EBV

38
Q

Auto-anti-I

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

cold-agglutinin dz

39
Q

anti-P,P1,Pk assd with

A

HDFN

spontaneous abortions

40
Q

P Ag is _____ receptor

A

Parvovirus B19

41
Q

Titers of anti-P1 increase in

A

Echinococcus infxn

Bird handlers

42
Q

PCH

A

anti-P
Donath-Landsteiner biphasic hemolysin, IgG
Assd with syphilis and viral infxn in children

43
Q

Weiner haplotypes

A

R1 DCe r’ dCe
R2 DcE r” dcE
R0 Dce r dce
Rz DCE ry dCE

44
Q

order of haplotypes in caucasians

A

R1 > r > R2 > R0

45
Q

order of haplotypes in AAs

A

R0 > r > R1 > R2

46
Q

Most common haplotype in AAs

A

R0 (Dce)

47
Q

Most common haplotype in caucasians

A

R1 (DCe)

48
Q

up to __% of D- will make anti-D to 1 unit RBCs

A

80%

49
Q

Weak D =

A

red cells get coated but not agglutinated by anti-D

do IAT

50
Q

Partial D

A

lacks portions of D-antigen

Clinical Pathology (59 decks)

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