Chemistry 5 (Electrolytes) Flashcards
definition of SIADH
urine Na>20
hyponatremia
euvolemia
no diuretics
central pontine myelinolysis due to
too rapid correction of hyponatremia
cerebral edema due to
too slow correction of hypnatremia
pseudohyponatremia definition and causes
serum osmolarity >280
hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipiemia, hyperproteinemia
ddx for hypovolemic hyponatremia
Renal (Una>30) = diuretics, Addison, RTA1, medullary renal dz
Extrarenal (Una<30) = GI loss, 3rd spacing
ddx for euvolemic hyponatremia
psychogenic polydypsia, SIADH, ADH-like drugs
ddx for hypervolemic hypoNatremia
CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
Urine potassium in GI hypokalemia and renal hypokalemia
GI: Uk30
causes of renal ypokalemia
diuretics, hypomagnesemia, antibiotics, mineralocorticoid excess, RTA I+II, cushing, CAH, hyperrenism
correction of DKA causes
hypokalemia
familial pseudohyperkalemia
transmembranous leak from RBCs
Ch 16
only types of acidosis where K decreased
RTA types I and II
Labs in primary hyperparathyroidism
increased Ca
decreased Phos
effect of PTH on renal tubules
increased Ca resorption
increased Phos excretion
causes of primary hyperparathyroidism
adenoma (90%), hyperplasia, carcinoma
inhereited hyperparathyroidism
MEN1
MEN2A
cause of 2ndary hyperparathyroidism and labs seen
peripheral resistance to PTH
decreased Ca,
PTH normal to high
tertiary hyperparathyroidism
hyperparathyroidism that persists after renal transplant
hypervitaminosis D causes
increased resorption of Ca and Phos
calciphylaxis is seen when
long term increased Ca and Phos
gene for familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
CASR gene 3q
acidosis ___ free Ca, and alkalosis ___ free Ca
acidosis increases
alkalosis decreases
correction of Ca for decreased protein
0.8mg/dL per 1g/dL protein lost
labs of hypoparathyroidism
decreased PTH
decreased Ca
increased Phos
decreased 1,25(OH)2D
syndrome assd with hereditary hypoparathyroidism
DiGeorge
diseases where you see secondary hyperparathyroidism
chronic renal failure
VitD def
“brown tumors of bone”
(renal osteodystrophy)
seen in secondary hyperparathyroidism which causes increases osteoclasts
persistent hypomagnesemia effect on parathyroids
inhibits PTH secretion
EKG findings in hypocalcemia
increased QT
decreased voltage of Twaves
dysrhythmias
