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Clinical Pathology > Chemistry 5 (Electrolytes) > Flashcards

Chemistry 5 (Electrolytes) Flashcards

1
Q

definition of SIADH

A

urine Na>20
hyponatremia
euvolemia
no diuretics

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2
Q

central pontine myelinolysis due to

A

too rapid correction of hyponatremia

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3
Q

cerebral edema due to

A

too slow correction of hypnatremia

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4
Q

pseudohyponatremia definition and causes

A

serum osmolarity >280

hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipiemia, hyperproteinemia

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5
Q

ddx for hypovolemic hyponatremia

A

Renal (Una>30) = diuretics, Addison, RTA1, medullary renal dz
Extrarenal (Una<30) = GI loss, 3rd spacing

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6
Q

ddx for euvolemic hyponatremia

A

psychogenic polydypsia, SIADH, ADH-like drugs

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7
Q

ddx for hypervolemic hypoNatremia

A

CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome

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8
Q

Urine potassium in GI hypokalemia and renal hypokalemia

A

GI: Uk30

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9
Q

causes of renal ypokalemia

A

diuretics, hypomagnesemia, antibiotics, mineralocorticoid excess, RTA I+II, cushing, CAH, hyperrenism

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10
Q

correction of DKA causes

A

hypokalemia

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11
Q

familial pseudohyperkalemia

A

transmembranous leak from RBCs

Ch 16

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12
Q

only types of acidosis where K decreased

A

RTA types I and II

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13
Q

Labs in primary hyperparathyroidism

A

increased Ca

decreased Phos

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14
Q

effect of PTH on renal tubules

A

increased Ca resorption

increased Phos excretion

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15
Q

causes of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenoma (90%), hyperplasia, carcinoma

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16
Q

inhereited hyperparathyroidism

A

MEN1

MEN2A

17
Q

cause of 2ndary hyperparathyroidism and labs seen

A

peripheral resistance to PTH
decreased Ca,
PTH normal to high

18
Q

tertiary hyperparathyroidism

A

hyperparathyroidism that persists after renal transplant

19
Q

hypervitaminosis D causes

A

increased resorption of Ca and Phos

20
Q

calciphylaxis is seen when

A

long term increased Ca and Phos

21
Q

gene for familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

A

CASR gene 3q

22
Q

acidosis ___ free Ca, and alkalosis ___ free Ca

A

acidosis increases

alkalosis decreases

23
Q

correction of Ca for decreased protein

A

0.8mg/dL per 1g/dL protein lost

24
Q

labs of hypoparathyroidism

A

decreased PTH
decreased Ca
increased Phos
decreased 1,25(OH)2D

25
Q

syndrome assd with hereditary hypoparathyroidism

A

DiGeorge

26
Q

diseases where you see secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

chronic renal failure

VitD def

27
Q

“brown tumors of bone”

A

(renal osteodystrophy)

seen in secondary hyperparathyroidism which causes increases osteoclasts

28
Q

persistent hypomagnesemia effect on parathyroids

A

inhibits PTH secretion

29
Q

EKG findings in hypocalcemia

A

increased QT
decreased voltage of Twaves
dysrhythmias

Clinical Pathology (59 decks)

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