Immunology 2 Flashcards
HLA class II structure
2 chains (alpha and beta) similar to Ig light chains with transmembrane domain
Clues to Bcell/immunoglobulin defect
bacterial infections of respiratory tract
recurrent/persistant Giardiasis
Clues to Tcell defect
viral and fungal infections
Phagocytic defects
staph infections
Terminal complement defect
encapsulated bacterial (Strep. pneumo, Neisseria)
Microlymphocytotoxicity assay
To detect HLA class I antigens or antibodies HLA antisera are incubated with Pt lymphocytes with excess complement and dye (color is + reaction)
mixed lymphocyte culture detects
HLA class II diferences
HLA class ___ are 2nd importance only to ABO compatibility in solid organ transplants
Class II
mixed lymphocyte culture method
dissimilarities in HLA cause proliferation of lymphs
Matching for transplant involes at least
A, B, DR
what is mediator of hyperacute rejection
HLA abs
transplant crossmatch done by
incubating donor lymphos with recipient serum + complement
HLA matching is not as important in which organs
heart and lung
Antibodies to protein antigens requres ____ cells
Tcells and B cells
antibodies to carbohydrate antigens requires ____ cells
B cells only
Most common immunoglobulin defect
IgA deficiency
Conditions assd with increased IgE
parasites, Churg-Strauss, Job syndrome, IgE myeloma, Hodgkin dz
RAST
allergen specific IgE measurement (best for inhaled antigens)
not a screening test
Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction uses ___ cellls
T cells
Mitogens used in T cell proliferation assays
phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A
severe infection reported in isolated NK cell deficiency
herpes virus
how to tes for NK cell function
chromium release assay
nitroblue tetrazolium test
<10% cells purple in chronic granulomatous dz (assd with McCloud phenotype/Kx negative)
Screening test for classical complement system
CH50 (% of Ig-coated sheep red cells lysed by patient serum)
Quantitative deficiences of which complement components will decrease CH50
C1-9
decreased levels of C3 reflect
primary C3 deficiency
activation of alternate pathway
C4 and C1q levels look at
classical pathway
which immune defects don’t appear until around 6 months
B cell
Bruton agammaglobulinemia genetics
Atk gene on ChX
Testing in Bruton agamma
very decreased IgG, decreased circulating B cells, no geminal centers, no plasma cells
other conditions assd with Brutons agamma
leukemia/lymphoma, autoimmune dz