Chemistry 10 (Toxidromes and Alcohols)

Question 1

“hot as a hare” toxidrome effects due to

Answer 1

anticholinergic effects

Question 2

agents causing anticholinergic toxidrome

Answer 2

atropine, antihistamines, tricyclics, scopolamine

Question 3

Toxidrome with salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea

Answer 3

cholinergic

Question 4

agents causing cholinergic toxidrome

Answer 4

organophosphates, pilocarpine, carbamate

Question 5

toxidrome with HTN, tachycardia, mydriasis, anxiety, hyperthermia

Answer 5

adrenergic

Question 6

agents causing adrenergic toxidrome

Answer 6

amphetamines, cocaine, epedrine, PCP

Question 7

toxidrome with AMS, slurred speach, hypopnea/apnea,

Answer 7

sedative/narcotic

Question 8

agents causing sedative toxidrome

Answer 8

barbiturates, EtOH, opiates

Question 9

hallucinogenic agenst

Answer 9

LSD, PCP, amphetamines, cocaine

Question 10

serum osmolarity generally measured by

Answer 10

freezing point depression osmometry

Question 11

what agents not measured by vapor pressure method

Answer 11

EtOH, methanol

Question 12

oxygen saturation gap

Answer 12

diff between Co-ox and ABG (nl <5)

Question 13

increased ox-sat gap caused by

Answer 13

CO, methemoglobin, sulfhemoglobin, cyanide

Question 14

metabolite of ethylene glycol

Answer 14

oxalate and glycolate

Question 15

metabolite of isopropyl alcohol

Answer 15

acetone

Question 16

metabolite of methanol

Answer 16

formaldehyde and formate

Question 17

anion gap is not present with which alcohol

Answer 17

isopropyl alcohol

Question 18

which alcohol may increase ketones

Answer 18

EtOH

Question 19

severe methemoglobinemia may cause pulse ox to give ____ reading

Answer 19

falsely high

Question 20

mild methemoglobinemia may cuase pulse ox to give _____reading

Answer 20

falsely low

Question 21

abnormally high venous O2 content

Answer 21

cyanide and hydrogen sulfide

Question 22

surrogate marker for methanol and ethylene glycol

Answer 22

osmolal gap

Question 23

correction of osmolal gap for ethanol =

Answer 23

Gap + (EtOH/4.6)

Question 24

____ is responsible for CNS tox and anion gap acidosis in ethylene glycol

Answer 24

glycolic acid

Question 25

calcium oxalate crystals found in ___ injestion

Answer 25

ethylene glycol

Question 26

shape of calcium oxalate crystals

Answer 26

envelope

Question 27

toxicities of methanol

Answer 27

ocular tox anion gap acisosis osmolal gap

Question 28

isopropyl alcohol is suspected when there is ____ and ____ without ___ or ____

Answer 28

osmolal gap and ketones | without acidosis or anion gap

Question 29

alternative to EtOH for ethylene glycol and methanol tox

Answer 29

fomepizole