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Clinical Pathology > Chemistry 17 (Body Fluids) > Flashcards

Chemistry 17 (Body Fluids) Flashcards

1
Q

“renal threshold” for glucose

A

180

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2
Q

enzymes used by glucose dipstick test

A

glucose oxidase

peroxidase

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3
Q

normal urine protein

A

150mg/d

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4
Q

unique solubility properties of Bence-Jones proteins

A

when heating: precipitate at 40 and redissolve at 100

when cooling: precipitate at 60 and redissolve at 40

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5
Q

ketone dipstick sensitive to

A

acetoacetic acid only

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6
Q

clues to myoglobinuria over hemoglobinuria

A

increased CK, increased aldolase, normal haptoglobin

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7
Q

urinary bilirubin

A

conjugated only

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8
Q

urobilinogen in urine seen when

A

liver dz prevents re-excretion or increased bilirubin leads to increased urobilinogen formation

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9
Q

Nitrate neg organisms that may cause UTI

A

enterococci
N. gonorrhea
MTB

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10
Q

false + leukocyte esterase with

A

trichomonads

eosinophils

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11
Q

Isosthenuria

A

urinary specific gravity fixed at 1.010

renal medullary dysfunction (seen in SS)

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12
Q

urine pH in RTA

A

inappropriately alkaline relative to blood, and unable to acidify below 6.5

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13
Q

ascorbic acid interferes with what urine dipstick tests

A

glucose, hgb, bilirubin, nitrate, leukocyte esterase

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14
Q

majority of renal stones are

A

calcium oxalate

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15
Q

oxaluria is found in

A

Crphn, small bowel bypass, increased oxalate ingestion

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16
Q

alkalotic urine promotes

A

Calcium phosphate stones

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17
Q

Dent dz

A

(x-linked nephrolithiasis)
chloride channel 5 (CLCN5)
causes hypercalciuria and stones

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18
Q

what drug increases Ca absorption

A

thiazides

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19
Q

stones promoted by acidotic urine pH

A

urate

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20
Q

stones adds with markedly alkalotic urine

A

struvite

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21
Q

urate stones commonly seen in

A

UC, Crohn, colectomy

22
Q

stones inhibited by urine alkalinization

A

urate, cystine

23
Q

rarest stones

A

2,8-dihydroxyadenine

AR deficiency of adenosine phosphoribosyl transferase

24
Q

“coffin-lid” cystals

A

struvite (triple phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate)

25
Q

hexagonal crystals

A

cysteine

26
Q

“sheave of wheat” cystals

A

tyrosine

27
Q

Red cell casts

A

glomerulonephritis

28
Q

white cell casts

A

tubulointerstitial nephritis/pyelonephritis

29
Q

tubular casts

A

ATN

30
Q

broad casts

A

ESRD

31
Q

fatty casts

A

nephrotic syndrome

32
Q

normal CSF protein

A

15-45mg/dL

33
Q

normally to quantitate CSF protein, must first

A

be precipitated with TCA or SSA

34
Q

normal CSF/serum albumin ratio

A

<1:230

35
Q

____ is suggestive for CSF when seen in a fluid

A

asialated transferrin

36
Q

____ is sensitive marker in CSF for cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy

A

increased intrathecal IgA

37
Q

CSF glutamine is increased in

A

hepatic encephalopathy

38
Q

Latex agglutination tests are available for these bugs

A

H. influenza, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitides, Group B strep

39
Q

Dressler syndrome

A

pleural effusion with MI

40
Q

Meigs syndrome

A

pleural effusion with ovarian fibromas

41
Q

Light’s criteria

A

pleural:serum protein >0.5
pleural:serum LDH >0.6
pleural LDH >200

42
Q

pleural fluid in RA

A

pH 700

glucose <30

43
Q

low pH alone in pleural fluid suggestive of

A

esophageal perforation

44
Q

low pH with low glucose in pleural fluid suggestive of

A

empyema, malignancy, RA

45
Q

lymphocytes in pleural fluid without mesothelial cells

A

TB or RA

46
Q

for peritoneal fluid, use ____ to tell cirrhosis related

A

serum-ascites albumin gradient

in portal HTN >1.1

47
Q

+ diagnostic peritoneal lavage

A

> 15mL blood
RBCs > 100,000
WBC >500
bacteria on gram stain

48
Q

synovial lactate increased in

A

septic arthritis

49
Q

synovial complement decreased in

A

RA, SLE

50
Q

crystals in pseudogout =

A

calcium pyrophosphate

51
Q

hydroxyapatite crystals can only be seen with

A

Alizone red S stain

Clinical Pathology (59 decks)

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