Teratogens High Yield

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

renal Damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

absence of digits

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

Facial dysmorphism

Neural tube defects

Phalynx/ fingernail hypoplasia

Question 5

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Answer 5

vaginal clear cell carcinoma

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

Neural tube defects

Question 7

Isotretinoin

Answer 7

Multiple severe birth defects

Question 8

Lithium

Answer 8

ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

Question 9

Aethimazole

Answer 9

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 10

Phenytoin

Answer 10

Fetal hydantoin syndrome (cleft palate, cardiac defects, phalynx/ fingernail hypoplasia)

Question 11

Tetracyclines

Answer 11

Discolored teeth

Question 12

Thalidomide

Answer 12

Limb defects

Question 13

Valproate

Answer 13

neural tube defects

Question 14

Warfarin

Answer 14

Bone deformities

Fetal hemorrhage

Abortion

Ophthalmologic abnormalites

Question 15

Alcohol

Answer 15

intellectual disability (FAS)

Question 16

Cocaine

Answer 16

Placental abruption and abnormal fetal growth

Question 17

Smoking

Answer 17

Low birth weight, preterm labor, placental abruptions

Question 18

Iodine (lack or excess)

Answer 18

Cretinism

Question 19

Maternal diabetes

Answer 19

caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia and sirenomelia)

Congeital heart defects

Neural tube defects

Question 20

Vit A (excess)

Answer 20

extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac)

Question 21

X- rays

Answer 21

microcephaly

intellectual disability

Question 22

What is the mechanism of FAS?

Answer 22

failure of cell migration

Question 23

2 findings in the most severe cases of FAS?

Answer 23

Heart Lung Fistulas

Holoprosencephaly