Renal Pharm High Yield Flashcards
Diuretic used for elevated ICP/ IOP?
Mannitol
What are AEs of mannitol/
Pulmonary edema and dehydration
What is mannitol contraindicated in?
Heart failure
“diuretic that causes self limited NaHCO3 diuresis and decreased total body HCO3 stores”
Acetazolamide
What is the AE of acetazolamide?
Metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, NH3 toxicity, Sulfa allergy
What diuretic is used to treat altitude sickness?
Acetazolamide
What diuretic can treat glaucoma?
Acetazolamide
Name the class:
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Loop diuretics
What transport system do loop diuretics inhibit?
Na/ K/ 2Cl in TAL
How do loop diuretics effect the concentration of urine?
abolish hypertonicity of medulla (preventing concentratoin of urine)
What is the DOC for acute edematous states (like HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulm edema)?
Loop diuretics
What are 4 major AEs of loop diuretics?
1- Ototoxicity
2- Hypokalemia
3- Gout
4- Nephritis (interstitial)
ALSO SULF ALLERGY
What is the mechanism of ethacrynic acid?
Loop diuretic that is not a sulfonamide!
What is the class:
Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretics
What transporter do thiazide diuretics inhibit?
NaCl reabsorption in the DCT (to decrease diluting capacity of the nephron)
What are the major AEs of thiazide diuretics?
1- Hypokalemia 2- metabolic alkalosis 3- hyperglycemia 4- hyperlipidemia 5- hypercalcemia 6- hyperuricemia
Which diuretic is used for idiopathic hypercalciuria (kidney stones)?
Thiazide diuretics
Aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule?
Spironolactine and eplerenone (K sparing diuretics)
Which diuretics act in the cortical collecting tubule to block Na channels?
Triamterene and amiloride (K sparing diuretics)
What diuretics are used for hyperaldosteronism?
K+ sparing (spironolactone and amiloride)
What are the AE of spironolactone?
gynecomastia, anti androgen effects
With which diuretic does urinary NaCl decrease?
Acetazolemide
With which diuretics does Urine K increase?
Loop and thiazide
With which diuretic does blood pH decrease?
Acetazolamide (by dereasing HCO3 reab)
K sparing (by preventing K+/ H+ secretion
Which causes an increase in urinary Ca?
Loop
Which causes a decrease in urinary Ca?
thiazidess
How doe ACEi cause a decrease in blood pressure?
Decrease AT II–> deccrease GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles
What are the AEs of ACEi?
Cough Angioedema Teratogen increased creatinine Hyperkalemia Hypotension
What conditions are ACEi contraindicated in?
Bilateral RAS
“selectively block binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptor”
ARB (losartan…)
What are the AE of ARBs?
Hyperkalemia
Decreased renal function
Hypotension
Teratogen
“direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I”
Aliskiren
What are the AEs of aliskiren?
hyperkalemia, decreased renal function, hypotension
