Renal Pharm High Yield

Question 1

Diuretic used for elevated ICP/ IOP?

Answer 1

Mannitol

Question 2

What are AEs of mannitol/

Answer 2

Pulmonary edema and dehydration

Question 3

What is mannitol contraindicated in?

Answer 3

Heart failure

Question 4

“diuretic that causes self limited NaHCO3 diuresis and decreased total body HCO3 stores”

Answer 4

Acetazolamide

Question 5

What is the AE of acetazolamide?

Answer 5

Metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, NH3 toxicity, Sulfa allergy

Question 6

What diuretic is used to treat altitude sickness?

Answer 6

Acetazolamide

Question 7

What diuretic can treat glaucoma?

Answer 7

Acetazolamide

Question 8

Name the class:

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide

Answer 8

Loop diuretics

Question 9

What transport system do loop diuretics inhibit?

Answer 9

Na/ K/ 2Cl in TAL

Question 10

How do loop diuretics effect the concentration of urine?

Answer 10

abolish hypertonicity of medulla (preventing concentratoin of urine)

Question 11

What is the DOC for acute edematous states (like HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulm edema)?

Answer 11

Loop diuretics

Question 12

What are 4 major AEs of loop diuretics?

Answer 12

1- Ototoxicity
2- Hypokalemia
3- Gout
4- Nephritis (interstitial)

ALSO SULF ALLERGY

Question 13

What is the mechanism of ethacrynic acid?

Answer 13

Loop diuretic that is not a sulfonamide!

Question 14

What is the class:

Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 14

Thiazide diuretics

Question 15

What transporter do thiazide diuretics inhibit?

Answer 15

NaCl reabsorption in the DCT (to decrease diluting capacity of the nephron)

Question 16

What are the major AEs of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 16

1- Hypokalemia
2- metabolic alkalosis
3- hyperglycemia
4- hyperlipidemia
5- hypercalcemia
6- hyperuricemia

Question 17

Which diuretic is used for idiopathic hypercalciuria (kidney stones)?

Answer 17

Thiazide diuretics

Question 18

Aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule?

Answer 18

Spironolactine and eplerenone (K sparing diuretics)

Question 19

Which diuretics act in the cortical collecting tubule to block Na channels?

Answer 19

Triamterene and amiloride (K sparing diuretics)

Question 20

What diuretics are used for hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 20

K+ sparing (spironolactone and amiloride)

Question 21

What are the AE of spironolactone?

Answer 21

gynecomastia, anti androgen effects

Question 22

With which diuretic does urinary NaCl decrease?

Answer 22

Acetazolemide

Question 23

With which diuretics does Urine K increase?

Answer 23

Loop and thiazide

Question 24

With which diuretic does blood pH decrease?

Answer 24

Acetazolamide (by dereasing HCO3 reab)

K sparing (by preventing K+/ H+ secretion

Question 25

Which causes an increase in urinary Ca?

Answer 25

Loop

Question 26

Which causes a decrease in urinary Ca?

Answer 26

thiazidess

Question 27

How doe ACEi cause a decrease in blood pressure?

Answer 27

Decrease AT II–> deccrease GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles

Question 28

What are the AEs of ACEi?

Answer 28

Cough
Angioedema
Teratogen
increased creatinine
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension

Question 29

What conditions are ACEi contraindicated in?

Answer 29

Bilateral RAS

Question 30

“selectively block binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptor”

Answer 30

ARB (losartan…)

Question 31

What are the AE of ARBs?

Answer 31

Hyperkalemia
Decreased renal function
Hypotension
Teratogen

Question 32

“direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I”

Answer 32

Aliskiren

Question 33

What are the AEs of aliskiren?

Answer 33

hyperkalemia, decreased renal function, hypotension