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Antbiotics Pharm High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

AE of penicillin G and V?

A

hemolytic anemia

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2
Q

Name the penicillinase sensitive penicillins? (4)

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Penicillin G and V
Piperacillin/ ticarcillin

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3
Q

Name the antipsuedomonal penicillins?

A

Piperacillin and ticaricillin

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4
Q

Which 2 classes of antibiotics block the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes?

A

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin)

Tetracyclines

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5
Q

What 5 classes of antibiotics bond the 50S bacterial ribosomal subunit?

A

Chlorampenicol

Clindamycin

Linezolid

Macrolides

Streptogramins

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6
Q

What antibiotic inhibits mRNA synthesis?

A

Rifampin

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7
Q

Which antibiotics are folic acid synthesis inhibitors?

A

Sulfonomides and Tromephoprim

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8
Q

Which antibiotics are DNA topoisomerase inhibitors?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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9
Q

What can Amoxicillin and ampicillin be used on?

HHELPS

A

HHELPS:

H. influenzae
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilis
Shigella
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10
Q

Narrow spectrum penicillins that are penicillinase resistant?

A

Dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin

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11
Q

AE of narrow spectrum penicillins?

A

Interstitial nephritis, hepatic metabolism

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12
Q

Function of clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactum?

A

Beta lactamase inhibitors

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13
Q

Use of 1st generation cephalosporins?

A

PEcK: Proteus, E. coli, and Klebsiella

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14
Q

Use of 2nd generation cephalosporins?

A

HEN PEck:

H. flu, enterobacter, Neisseria

Proteus, E. coli, and Klebsiella

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15
Q

Which cephalosporin can be used for pseudomonase?

A

Ceftazidime (3rd generation)

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16
Q

What are the 3 main diseases that ceftriazone is used for?

A

Meningitis

Gonorrhea

Disseminated Lyme Disease

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17
Q

What are the AE of cephalosporins?

A

Disulfram like

Hemolytic anemia (coombs +)

increase nephrotoxcity of aminoglycosides

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18
Q

Which carbepenem is broad spectrum beta lactamase?

A

Imipenem

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19
Q

What are carbapenems ALWAYS administered wit?

A

cilastatin–> inhibitor or renal dehydropeptidase I to decrease inactivation of drug in renal tubules

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20
Q

AE of carbepenems?

A

Skin rash and sseizures

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21
Q

What is aztreonam used for?

A

Gram (-) rods only!!!

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22
Q

What class of antibiotics is aztreonam synergistic with?

A

Aminoglycosides

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23
Q

What type of bugs dose vancomycin work on?

A

Gram (+) ONLY!!!

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24
Q

3 major AE of vancomycin?

A

NOT

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Thrombophlebitis

diffuse flushing (redman syndrome)

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25
Which antibiotic inhibits tRNA binding at the A site?
Tetracyclines
26
Which antibiotics (2) lead to inhibition of translocation?
Macrolides and clindamycin 50S
27
Which antibiotic blocks peptidyl transferase?
Chloramphenicol (50S)
28
What is required for aminoglycosides to work?
O2
29
What are aminoglycosides used for?
Gram negative rod infections!!
30
AE of aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity, neuromuscilar blockade, ototoxicity, teratogen
31
Mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?
acetylation, phosphorylation, pr adenulation
32
AE of tetracyclines?
Discoloration of teeth, inhibition of bone growth, photosensitivity
33
Mechanism of resistance to tetracyclines?
decreased uptake or increased efflux
34
What is chloramphenicol used to treat?
H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, Rickettsia rickettsii
35
Which drug causes gray baby syndrome?
chlormaphenicol
36
What is clindamycin used for?
anaerobic infection in aspiration pneumonias, lung abscesses, and oral infections
37
Major AE associated with clindmycin?
C. diff colitis
38
What are linezolid and tedizolid used for?
MRSA and VRE (GRAM + Only)
39
What are the AEs of linezolid and tedizolid?
serotonin syndrome, BMS
40
What do macrolides treat?
atypical pneumonias, chlamydia, B. pertussis
41
AE of macrolides?
GI motility issues, prolonged QT interval
42
Which AIDS illnesses can be prophylazed with trimethoprim?
Pneumocystis jirovecii and toxoplasmosis
43
AE of trimethoprim?
Megaloblastic anemia and granulocytopenia
44
What do sulfonamdes treat?
nocardia, gram +, gram -, chlamydia
45
AE of sulfonamides?
Hypersensitivity reaction, hemolysis (G6PD deficient), nephrotoxicity, photosensitivity
46
AE of sulfonamides?
Hypersensitivity reaction, hemolysis (G6PD deficient), nephrotoxicity, photosensitivity
47
What are the respiratory flruoroquinolones?
Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin
48
What do fluoroquinolones treat?
Gram (-) rods of urinary and GI tracts (Pseudomonase, neisseria) and S. pneumo
49
"lipopeptide that disrupts cell membrane of gram positive cocci"
Daptomycin
50
Why can daptomycin NOT be used in respiratory infections?
inactivated by surfactant
51
Why can daptomycin NOT be used in respiratory infections?
inactivated by surfactant
52
AE of metronidazole?
Disulfram like reaction, HA, metallic taste
53
AE of metronidazole?
Disulfram like reaction, HA, metallic taste
54
DOC for pseudomonas?
Piperacillin and ticarcillin
55
Which drugs treats anaerobic infections above the diaphragm?
Clindamycin
56
What drug treats anaerobic infections below the diaphragm?
Metronidazole
57
Which drug inhibits proteins synthesis by binding to 50S subunit and preventing formation of the initiation complex?
Linezolid
58
"inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation"
macrolide
59
"inhibit bacterial dihydrofolate reductase"
trimethoprime
60
"inhibit folate synthesis via inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase"
sulfonamides
61
What can fluoroqinonoles NOT be taken with?
antacids
62
Which antibiotic can cause tendon rupture in people over 60yo?
fluoroquinolones
63
What is the mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinoloes?
chromosome encoded mutation in DNA gyrase Plasmid mediated resistance Efflux pumps
64
What are the AE of daptomycin?
Myopathy | Rhabdomyolysis
65
What is the mechanism of metronidazole?
forms toxic free radical metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA

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