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Step 1 Review > Antimicrobials/ Antifungals/ Antivirals High Yield > Flashcards

Antimicrobials/ Antifungals/ Antivirals High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for M. tuberculosis?

A

RIPE

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

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2
Q

Treatment for M. avium- intracellulare?

A

Azithromycin

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3
Q

Which drug inibits mycolic acid synthesis?

A

Isoniazid

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4
Q

Which drug inhibits arabinoglycan synthesis?

A

Ethambutol

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5
Q

Which drug inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase?

A

Rifampin

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6
Q

AE of rifampin?

A

Minor hepatotoxicity, and drug interactions (increase P450 activity)

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7
Q

How is isoniazid activated within cells?

A

Bacterial catalase peroxidase needed to convert INH to active metabolite

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8
Q

AE of isoniazid?

A

Neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity

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9
Q

How does resistance to Isoniazid occur?

A

Underexpression of activating catalase peroxidase

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10
Q

AE of ethambutol?

A

Optic neuropathy (red green color blindness)

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11
Q

What is used for prevention of conococcal conjunctivitis in newborns?

A

Erythromycin ointment

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12
Q

5 drugs that can be used on MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

Daptomycin

Linezolid

Tigecycline

Ceftaroline

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13
Q

2 drugs that work for VRE?

A

Linezolid

Streptogrammins (quinuprstin, dalfoprostin)

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14
Q

Drug that inhibits lanosterol synthesis via inhibition of squalene epoxide?

A

Terbinafine

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15
Q

Drug that inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis via inhibition of Beta glucan?

A

Echinocandins (capsofungin, anidulafungin)

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16
Q

Drug that inhibits ergosterol synthesis via inhibtion of 14 alpha demethylase?

A

Azoles (Ketoconazole, fluconazole…)

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17
Q

Drug that inhibit fungal nucleic acid synthesis?

A

Fluctosine

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18
Q

Drugs that form membrane pores in fungus?

A

Polyenes

Amphoteracin B and nystatin

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19
Q

AE of amphotericin B?

A

Nephrotoxicity!

K/Mg wasting
Renal tubular acidosis

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20
Q

What is flucytosine used for?

A

systemic fungal infections (combo with Ampho B)

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21
Q

AE of the azoles?

A

Inhibition of cyt P450! (Liver dysfunction

Gynecomastia

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22
Q

Which are the topical azoles?

A

Clotrimazole and miconazole

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23
Q

AE of terbifine?

A

GI upset, HA, hepatotoxicity

24
Q

What is terbifine used for ?

A

Dermatophytoses

25
Q

What antifungal interferes with microtubule function, and disrupts mitosits”

A

Griseofulvin

26
Q

What is griseofulvin used for?

A

oral treatment of superficial infections–> tinea!

27
Q

AE of griseofulvin?

A

Teratogenic, carcinogenic, induce P450 system

28
Q

What are the following drugs used for:

Permethrin (Na channel blocker)
Malathion (AChase inhibitor)
Lindane (Blocl GABA channels)

A

Anti-mite/ louse therapy

29
Q

AE of chloroquine?

A

Retinopathy

30
Q

Inhibitors of inhluenza neuraminidase?

A

Oseltamvir and zanamivir

31
Q

What drugs are guanosine anaolgs that are phosphorhylated by viral thymidine kinase in invected cells?

A

Acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir

Chain termination

32
Q

What is the mechanism of resistance to acyclovir and similar drugs?

A

mutated viral thymidine kinase

33
Q

Which herpes virus antiviral can be used in CMV?

A

Ganciclovir

34
Q

What is Foscarnet?

A

viral DNA/ RNA polymerase inhibitor and HIV reverse transcriptase inibitor

35
Q

What is foscarnet used for?

A

CMV retinitis when gancyclovir fails and acyclovir resistant HSV

36
Q

AE of foscarnet?

A

Nephrotoxicity and electrolyte abnormalities (hypo all except hyperphosphate)

37
Q

Use and mechanism of cidofovir?

A

Same as foscarnet

38
Q

Name the HIV protease inhibitors?

A

“-navir”

39
Q

Which protease inhibitor is used as a “boost”?

A

Ritonavir…it inhibits P450

40
Q

What are the major AE of Protease inhibitors?

A

Dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia

41
Q

Name the class:

abacavir
Didanosine
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Tenofovir
Zidovudine
A

NRTI

42
Q

Major AE of all NRTI’s

A

BMS

43
Q

AE of zidovudine?

A

anemia

44
Q

Major AE of didanosine?

A

Pancreatitis

45
Q

Name the class:

Enfavirenz
Nevirapine
Delavirdine

A

NNRTI

46
Q

AE of NNRTI’s?

A

Hepatotoxic

Enfavirenz–> teratogenic and vivid dreams

Delavirdine–> teratogenic

47
Q

Name the mechanism:

Raltegravir

A

“-gravir”

increase creatinine kinase

48
Q

AE of raltegravir

A

Increased CK because Rhabdo

49
Q

Name the mechanism:

Enfurvitide

A

Binds gp41 to inhibit fusion

50
Q

Mechnaism of maraviroc?

A

Binds CCR5 to inhibit interaction with gpl120

51
Q

What is IFN alpha used to treat?

A

Chronic Hep B/ C

Kaposi sarcoma

Hairy cell leukemia

Condyloma acuminatum

RCC
Malignant melanoma

52
Q

What is IFN- beta used to treat?

A

Multiple sclerosis

53
Q

What is ITN- gamma used to treat?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

54
Q

What are ribavirin, simeprevir and sofosbuvir used to treat?

A

Hep C

55
Q

Which Hep C drug is a protease inhibitor?

A

Simeprevir

56
Q

Which hep C drug inhibits RNA dependent RNA polymease (acting as a chain terminator)?

A

Sofosbuvir

57
Q

AE of ribavirin?

A

Hemolytic anemia, teratogen

Step 1 Review (62 decks)

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