Antimicrobials/ Antifungals/ Antivirals High Yield

Question 1

Treatment for M. tuberculosis?

Answer 1

RIPE

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

Question 2

Treatment for M. avium- intracellulare?

Answer 2

Azithromycin

Question 3

Which drug inibits mycolic acid synthesis?

Answer 3

Isoniazid

Question 4

Which drug inhibits arabinoglycan synthesis?

Answer 4

Ethambutol

Question 5

Which drug inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase?

Answer 5

Rifampin

Question 6

AE of rifampin?

Answer 6

Minor hepatotoxicity, and drug interactions (increase P450 activity)

Question 7

How is isoniazid activated within cells?

Answer 7

Bacterial catalase peroxidase needed to convert INH to active metabolite

Question 8

AE of isoniazid?

Answer 8

Neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity

Question 9

How does resistance to Isoniazid occur?

Answer 9

Underexpression of activating catalase peroxidase

Question 10

AE of ethambutol?

Answer 10

Optic neuropathy (red green color blindness)

Question 11

What is used for prevention of conococcal conjunctivitis in newborns?

Answer 11

Erythromycin ointment

Question 12

5 drugs that can be used on MRSA?

Answer 12

Vancomycin

Daptomycin

Linezolid

Tigecycline

Ceftaroline

Question 13

2 drugs that work for VRE?

Answer 13

Linezolid

Streptogrammins (quinuprstin, dalfoprostin)

Question 14

Drug that inhibits lanosterol synthesis via inhibition of squalene epoxide?

Answer 14

Terbinafine

Question 15

Drug that inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis via inhibition of Beta glucan?

Answer 15

Echinocandins (capsofungin, anidulafungin)

Question 16

Drug that inhibits ergosterol synthesis via inhibtion of 14 alpha demethylase?

Answer 16

Azoles (Ketoconazole, fluconazole…)

Question 17

Drug that inhibit fungal nucleic acid synthesis?

Answer 17

Fluctosine

Question 18

Drugs that form membrane pores in fungus?

Answer 18

Polyenes

Amphoteracin B and nystatin

Question 19

AE of amphotericin B?

Answer 19

Nephrotoxicity!

K/Mg wasting
Renal tubular acidosis

Question 20

What is flucytosine used for?

Answer 20

systemic fungal infections (combo with Ampho B)

Question 21

AE of the azoles?

Answer 21

Inhibition of cyt P450! (Liver dysfunction

Gynecomastia

Question 22

Which are the topical azoles?

Answer 22

Clotrimazole and miconazole

Question 23

AE of terbifine?

Answer 23

GI upset, HA, hepatotoxicity

Question 24

What is terbifine used for ?

Answer 24

Dermatophytoses

Question 25

What antifungal interferes with microtubule function, and disrupts mitosits"

Answer 25

Griseofulvin

Question 26

What is griseofulvin used for?

Answer 26

oral treatment of superficial infections--> tinea!

Question 27

AE of griseofulvin?

Answer 27

Teratogenic, carcinogenic, induce P450 system

Question 28

What are the following drugs used for: Permethrin (Na channel blocker) Malathion (AChase inhibitor) Lindane (Blocl GABA channels)

Answer 28

Anti-mite/ louse therapy

Question 29

AE of chloroquine?

Answer 29

Retinopathy

Question 30

Inhibitors of inhluenza neuraminidase?

Answer 30

Oseltamvir and zanamivir

Question 31

What drugs are guanosine anaolgs that are phosphorhylated by viral thymidine kinase in invected cells?

Answer 31

Acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir Chain termination

Question 32

What is the mechanism of resistance to acyclovir and similar drugs?

Answer 32

mutated viral thymidine kinase

Question 33

Which herpes virus antiviral can be used in CMV?

Answer 33

Ganciclovir

Question 34

What is Foscarnet?

Answer 34

viral DNA/ RNA polymerase inhibitor and HIV reverse transcriptase inibitor

Question 35

What is foscarnet used for?

Answer 35

CMV retinitis when gancyclovir fails and acyclovir resistant HSV

Question 36

AE of foscarnet?

Answer 36

Nephrotoxicity and electrolyte abnormalities (hypo all except hyperphosphate)

Question 37

Use and mechanism of cidofovir?

Answer 37

Same as foscarnet

Question 38

Name the HIV protease inhibitors?

Answer 38

"-navir"

Question 39

Which protease inhibitor is used as a "boost"?

Answer 39

Ritonavir...it inhibits P450

Question 40

What are the major AE of Protease inhibitors?

Answer 40

Dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia

Question 41

Name the class: ``` abacavir Didanosine Emtricitabine Lamivudine Tenofovir Zidovudine ```

Answer 41

NRTI

Question 42

Major AE of all NRTI's

Answer 42

BMS

Question 43

AE of zidovudine?

Answer 43

anemia

Question 44

Major AE of didanosine?

Answer 44

Pancreatitis

Question 45

Name the class: Enfavirenz Nevirapine Delavirdine

Answer 45

NNRTI

Question 46

AE of NNRTI's?

Answer 46

Hepatotoxic Enfavirenz--> teratogenic and vivid dreams Delavirdine--> teratogenic

Question 47

Name the mechanism: Raltegravir

Answer 47

"-gravir" increase creatinine kinase

Question 48

AE of raltegravir

Answer 48

Increased CK because Rhabdo

Question 49

Name the mechanism: Enfurvitide

Answer 49

Binds gp41 to inhibit fusion

Question 50

Mechnaism of maraviroc?

Answer 50

Binds CCR5 to inhibit interaction with gpl120

Question 51

What is IFN alpha used to treat?

Answer 51

Chronic Hep B/ C Kaposi sarcoma Hairy cell leukemia Condyloma acuminatum RCC Malignant melanoma

Question 52

What is IFN- beta used to treat?

Answer 52

Multiple sclerosis

Question 53

What is ITN- gamma used to treat?

Answer 53

Chronic granulomatous disease

Question 54

What are ribavirin, simeprevir and sofosbuvir used to treat?

Answer 54

Hep C

Question 55

Which Hep C drug is a protease inhibitor?

Answer 55

Simeprevir

Question 56

Which hep C drug inhibits RNA dependent RNA polymease (acting as a chain terminator)?

Answer 56

Sofosbuvir

Question 57

AE of ribavirin?

Answer 57

Hemolytic anemia, teratogen